[(1S,2S,4R,5R)-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羟基酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: [(1S,2S,4R,5R)-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
• 化学式: C18H24NO4+
• 分子量: 318.4
• InChiKey: LZCOQTDXKCNBEE-DBPPKFAGSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.3
• 重原子数：
  23
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.61
• 拓扑面积：
  59.1
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

...关于甲硫酸阿托品溴化物在体内的分布或代谢命运，目前可用的信息很少。...甲硫酸阿托品溴化物，像其他季铵化合物一样，被认为主要以未改变的药物和代谢物形式通过尿液排出，以及以未吸收的药物形式通过粪便排出。.../甲硫酸阿托品溴化物/

... Little information is available on the distribution or metabolic fate of methscopolamine bromide in the body. ... Methscopolamine bromide, like other quaternary ammonium compounds, is believed to be excreted principally in urine as unchanged drug and metabolites and in the feces as unabsorbed drug. ... /Methscopolamine bromide/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 肝毒性

尽管在过去几十年里被广泛使用，阿托品和甲硫酸阿托品都没有与肝酶升高或临床上明显的肝脏损伤病例有关联。阿托品由肝脏代谢，但通常给予低剂量（ 关于抗胆碱能药物的安全性和潜在肝毒性的参考文献，在抗胆碱能药物概述部分之后一起给出。 药物类别：胃肠药；抗胆碱能药物

Despite widespread use over many decades, neither scopolamine nor methscopolamine have been linked to episodes of liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury. Scopolamine is metabolized by the liver, but is usually given in low doses ( References on the safety and potential hepatotoxicity of anticholinergics are given together after the Overview section on Anticholinergic Agents. Drug Class: Gastrointestinal Agents; Anticholinergic Agents

来源:LiverTox

毒理性

• 相互作用

在麻醉状态下，自然呼吸的狗中，0.01%的甲基硫酸麻黄碱溴化物气溶胶可以抑制乙酰胆碱（静脉注射或气溶胶）引起的肺力学变化。

IN ANESTHETIZED, SPONTANEOUSLY BREATHING DOGS, A 0.01% AEROSOL /OF METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE/ INHIBITED ACETYLCHOLINE (IV OR AEROSOL)-INDUCED CHANGES IN PULMONARY MECHANICS. /METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

附加的抗胆碱能效果可能是由与抗精神病药、三环类抗抑郁药以及其他具有抗胆碱能效果的药物同时使用所引起。与抗酸药同时使用可能会干扰溴化甲司卡林（美斯卡林）的吸收。

Additive anticholinergic effects may result from concomitant use with antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and other drugs with anticholinergic effects. Concomitant administration with antacids may interfere with the absorption of methscopolamine bromide. /Methscopolamine bromide/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

紧急和支持性措施：保持呼吸道通畅，必要时协助呼吸。如果出现高热、昏迷、横纹肌溶解和癫痫，则进行治疗。/抗胆碱能药物/

Emergency and supportive measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if needed. Treat hyperthermia, coma, rhabdomyolysis, and seizures if they occur. /Anticholinergics/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

特定药物和解毒剂：可以给严重中毒的患者（例如，高热、严重谵妄或心动过速）小剂量毒扁豆碱……。注意：毒扁豆碱可能会导致房室传导阻滞、心搏停止和癫痫，特别是在三环类抗抑郁药过量的患者中。新斯的明，一种外周作用的胆碱酯酶抑制剂，可能有助于治疗抗胆碱能引起的肠梗阻。/抗胆碱能药物/

Specific drugs and antidotes: A small dose of physostigmine .... can be given to patients with severe toxicity (e.g., hyperthermia, severe delirium, or tachycardia). Caution: Physostigmine can cause AV block, asystole, and seizures, especially in patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Neostigmine, a peripherally acting cholinesterase inhibitor, may be useful in treating anticholinergic-induced ileus. /Anticholinergics/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

甲基硫酸阿托品是一种季铵盐，是东莨菪碱的四级铵衍生物。这类药物吸收差且不可靠。碱性四级铵衍生物的总吸收率为10-25%。吸收速率不详。季铵盐从完整皮肤的吸收有限，结膜渗透差。大多数这类药物的命运和排泄情况知之甚少。口服给药后，药物效果在大约一小时内出现，持续4到6小时。甲基硫酸阿托品穿过血脑屏障的能力有限。该药物主要在尿液中排出，部分通过胆汁或未吸收的药物随粪便排出。目前没有关于甲基硫酸阿托品在母乳中的数据；在给予阿托品后，已经发现了微量阿托品的踪迹。/甲基硫酸阿托品/

Methscopolamine bromide is a quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine. As a class, these agents are poorly and unreliably absorbed. Total absorption of quaternary ammonium derivatives of the alkaloids is 10-25%. Rate of absorption is not available. Quaternary ammonium salts have limited absorption from intact skin, and conjunctival penetration is poor. Little is known of the fate and excretion of most of these agents. Following oral administration, drug effects appear in about one hour and persist for 4 to 6 hours. Methscopolamine bromide has limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The drug is excreted primarily in the urine and bile, or as unabsorbed drug in feces. There is no data on the presence of methscopolamine in breast milk; traces of atropine have been found after administration of atropine. /Methscopolamine bromide/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

溴化甲司卡林，像其他季铵类药物一样，由于完全离子化，因此从胃肠道吸收不完全。关于溴化甲司卡林在体内的分布或代谢命运，目前可用的信息很少。季铵类抗胆碱药完全离子化，具有很差的脂溶性。因此，它们不易穿透中枢神经系统或眼睛。溴化甲司卡林，像其他季铵化合物一样，被认为主要通过尿液以未改变的药物和代谢物形式排泄，并通过粪便以未吸收的药物形式排泄。大量口服给药的药物可能以未吸收的药物形式在粪便中排出。/溴化甲司卡林/

Methscopolamine bromide, like other quaternary ammonium drugs, is incompletely absorbed from the GI tract since it is completely ionized. Little information is available on the distribution or metabolic fate of methscopolamine bromide in the body. Quaternary ammonium antimuscarinics are completely ionized and possess poor lipid solubility. Accordingly, they do not readily penetrate the CNS or the eye. Methscopolamine bromide, like other quaternary ammonium compounds, is believed to be excreted principally in urine as unchanged drug and metabolites and in the feces as unabsorbed drug. Substantial amounts of orally administered drug are probably eliminated in feces as unabsorbed drug. /Methscopolamine bromide/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)