A Biomimetic, One-Step Transformation of Simple Indolic Compounds to <i>Malassezia</i>-Related Alkaloids with High AhR Potency and Efficacy
作者:Nikitia Mexia、Stamatis Koutrakis、Guochun He、Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis、Michael S. Denison、Prokopios Magiatis
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00270
日期:2019.11.18
Malassezia furfur isolates from diseased skin preferentially biosynthesize compounds which are among the most active known aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers, such as indirubin, tryptanthrin, indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. In our effort to study their production from Malassezia spp., we investigated the role of indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), the most abundant metabolite
糠马拉色霉菌从患病的皮肤中分离出来,优先从生物合成的化合物中分离,这些化合物是最活跃的已知芳烃受体(AhR)诱导剂,例如靛玉红,色胺酮,吲哚[3,2-b]咔唑和6-甲酰基吲哚[3,2- b]咔唑。在研究其从马拉色酵母属中生产的过程中,我们研究了吲哚-3-甲醛(I3A)(它是色氨酸琼脂上生长的马拉色霉菌中最丰富的代谢物)的作用,作为生物碱生物合成的可能原料。用H2O2处理I3A并使用催化剂如二苯二硒化物导致I3A同时一步转化为靛玉红和色胺酮,收率很高。首先对简单的吲哚进行相同的反应,然后对取代的吲哚和吲哚-3-甲醛进行同样的反应,导致一系列带有卤素,烷基或碳甲氧基的单取代和双取代的靛玉红和色胺酮。之后,在含有稳定转染的AhR反应荧光素酶报告基因的重组人和小鼠肝癌细胞系中评估了它们的AhR激动剂活性。其中,发现3,9-二溴胰色原蛋白作为AhR激动剂与2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-p-二恶英(TC