Synthesis of Methylene-Expanded Oxetanocin Isonucleosides in Both Enantiomeric Forms1
摘要:
We report a novel route to isonucleosides of the 'methylene-expanded' oxetanocin class, in both the D-and L-enantiomeric forms, e.g., compounds L-(+)-2a, D-(-)-2a, and L-(-)-2b, beginning with the simple, known mono-p-bromobenzyl ether 3 of the very inexpensive 2-butene-1,4-diol. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 3 gave either (-) or (+)-4 depending on the chirality of the tartrate used. The p-bromobenzyl ether was used since the epoxide product is crystalline and can be recrystallized to high optical purity. Opening of the epoxide with vinylmagnesium bromide gave the 1,3-diol 5, the primary alcohol of which was protected as the silyl ether 6. Treatment of 6 with iodonium bis(sym-collidine) perchlorate afforded the desired 5-(iodomethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol 8 with loss of the bromobenzyl cation in the key step in the synthetic scheme. This iodide 8 was then converted into the bis(silyloxy)-protected alcohol 15 by acetylation to give the acetate 10, displacement of iodide with acetate, hydrolysis, and selective protection of the primary alcohols. The alcohol 6 could also be converted into 15 via initial acetylation and then iodocyclization to give 10. The diol 5 could also be converted into 15 by a similar route involving bis-acetylation and iodocyclization followed by functional group transformations. The tosylate of 15 was displaced with the anion of adenine or thymidine to give, alter final desilylation, the desired isonucleosides-the D-adenosine analogue (-)-2a and the L-adenosine and thymidine analogues (+)-2a and(-)-2b. All of the stereochemistry of the final products is derived from the first step of the synthesis, namely, the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 3. The biological activity of the new compounds L-(+)-2a and L-(-)-2b against HIV was determined in the anti-HIV drug-testing system of the National Cancer Institute. The adenosine analogue L-(+)-2a was inactive in this screen, while the thymidine analogue L-(-)-2b showed moderate anti-HIV activity (IC50 > 2 x 10(-4) M, EC50 = 8 x 10(-7) M, TI50 > 250).
aldolisation reaction of lithium ester enolates with chiral α,β-epoxyaldehydes 2a–2f has been investigated. The reaction proceeds with diastereofacial preference in favour of the anti isomer (anti:syn ≈ 4:1) and can be greatly enhanced in the case of cis α,β-epoxy-aldehydes 2a–2c by a synergic effect of temperature and enolate excess (anti:syn 13:1). The Felkin-Ahn model can explain the results obtained
Process for preparation of chiral 3-amino-pyrrolidine and analogous
申请人:Abbott Laboratories
公开号:US05703244A1
公开(公告)日:1997-12-30
A process for the preparation of chiral 3-aminopyrrolidine and analogous bicyclic derivatives from dihydroxy olefins by treatment with titanium isopropoxide, an optically active tartrate ester and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, followed by subsequent alkylation of the intermediate with an alkyl or alkenyl magnesium halide, then pyrrolidine ring formation by condensation with an arylmethylamine, subsequent chiral replacement of a ring hydroxyl group with an amino group with further protection thereof, optional additional substitution closing of the second ring, and hydrogenolysis to remove a ring-nitrogen protecting group.