Practical hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and ketones via pinacol cross-coupling reactions with paraformaldehyde
作者:Jeonghan Park、Steven F. Pedersen
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88875-x
日期:——
method for the direct hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and ketones via pinacol cross-coupling with paraformaldehyde is described. The reaction is promoted by vanadium(II) ions which are conveniently generated from the reduction of VCl3(THF)3 with zinc dust. Excellent yields of terminal diols are obtained and stereoselective coupling is observed with some chiral aldehydes and ketones.
Stereoselectivity and Substrate Specificity in the Kinetic Resolution of Methyl-Substituted 1-Oxaspiro[2.5]octanes by <i>Rhodotorula </i><i>g</i><i>lutinis</i> Epoxide Hydrolase
作者:Carel A. G. M. Weijers、Petra Meeuwse、Robert L. J. M. Herpers、Maurice C. R. Franssen、Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
DOI:10.1021/jo050533w
日期:2005.8.1
[GRAPHICS]The kinetic resolution of a range of methyl-substituted 1-oxaspiro[2.5]octanes by yeast epoxide hydrolase (YEH) from Rhodotorula glutinis has been investigated. The structural determinants of substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of YEH toward these substrates appeared to be the configuration of the epoxide ring and the substitution pattern of the cyclohexane ring. For all compounds tested, O-axial epoxides were hydrolyzed faster than the corresponding O-equatorial compounds. In concern of the ring substituents,.YEH preferred methyl groups on the Re side of the ring. Placement of substituents close to the spiroepoxide carbon decreased the reaction rate but increased enantioselectivity. YEH-catalyzed kinetic resolutions of 4-methyl 1-oxaspiro [2.5] octane epimers were most enantioselective,(E > 100).
Kinetic resolution by epoxide hydrolase catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic methyl substituted methylenecyclohexene oxides
A complete kinetic resolution of 2,2-dimethylmethylenecyclobexene oxide and a partial resolution of the cis and trans-2-methylmethylenecyclohexene oxides, but not of their 3-methyl substituted isomers, have been achieved by partial hydrolysis to the corresponding diols using the microsomal epoxide hydrolase. No substrate enantioselectivity was in found for the hydrolysis of all these substrates by the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase.