Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Human Adenosine Kinase: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Studies
作者:Stefania Butini、Sandra Gemma、Margherita Brindisi、Giuseppe Borrelli、Andrea Lossani、Anna Maria Ponte、Andrea Torti、Giovanni Maga、Luciana Marinelli、Valeria La Pietra、Isabella Fiorini、Stefania Lamponi、Giuseppe Campiani、Daniela M. Zisterer、Seema-Maria Nathwani、Stefania Sartini、Concettina La Motta、Federico Da Settimo、Ettore Novellino、Federico Focher
DOI:10.1021/jm101438u
日期:2011.3.10
Adenosine kinase (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) to AMP by means of a kinetic mechanism in which the two substrates Ado and ATP bind the enzyme in a binary and/or ternary complex, with distinct protein conformations. Most of the described inhibitors have Ado-like structural motifs and are nonselective; and some of them (e.g., the tubercidine-like ligands) are characterized by a toxic profile. We have cloned and expressed human AK (hAK) and searched for novel non-substrate-like inhibitors. Our efforts to widen the structural diversity of AK inhibitors led to the identification of novel non-nucleoside, noncompetitive allosteric modulators characterized by a unique molecular scaffold. Among the pyrrolobenzoxa(thia)zepinones (4a-qq) developed, 4a was identified as a non-nucleoside prototype hAK. inhibitor. 4a has proapoptotic efficacy, slight inhibition of short-term RNA synthesis, and cytostatic activity on tumor cell lines while showing low cytotoxicity and no significant adverse effects on short-term DNA synthesis in cells.