Mechanistic Insight into the Formation of Tetraarylazadipyrromethenes
摘要:
The tetraarylazadipyrromethene chromophore class has gained increasing attention in the past decade for a diverse set of scientific interests and applications. The most direct synthetic route available for their generation is heating of 4-nitro-1,3-diarylbutan-1-ones with an ammonium source in an alcohol solvent. Despite the practical simplicity, the reaction pathway(s) for these conversions are lengthy and unclear. To gain insight into the steps involved, N-15 labeling experiments with MS and NMR analysis were utilized for conversion of 4-nitro-1,3-diphenylbutan-1-one 1 into tetraphenylazadipyrromethene 2 with (NH4OAc)-N-15. To, permit examination, of later stages of the reaction sequence to 2, the N-15-labeled potential intermediate 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-amine 10 was synthesized. A study of the dimerization pathway utilizing N-15-labeled 10 revealed an unprecedented nitrogen rearrangement in the final stages of the pathway involving a ring:opening/closing of a pyrrole ring. Utilizing N-15 labeling experiments we have shown that 2,4-diphenylpyrrole 8 can also react under the reaction conditions with 3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-imine 7 (from oxidation of 10) to. produce 2. Overall in the conversion of 1 into 2, two related pathways are ongoing concurrently, the first involves a dimerization of 3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-imine 7, and the other a reaction of 7 with 2,4-diphenylpyrrole 8.
A Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tetraarylazadipyrromethenes
摘要:
A stepwise route to unsymmetrical tetraarylazadipyrromethenes by a condensation of 2,4-diaryl-5-nitroso-pyrroles with 2,4-diarylpyrroles is described. This modular building-block approach allows for the introduction of up to four different aryl substituents on the azadipyrromethene and is tolerant of a varied substituent set. An efficient synthesis of the 2,4-diarylpyrroles building blocks from 1,3-diaryl-4-nitro-butan-1-ones by nitro hydrolysis to a keto-aldehyde and subsequent ammonia condensation reaction has been achieved. The facile conversion of 2,4-diarylpyrroles into their alpha-nitroso analogues by their reaction with sodium nitrite generated the second building block required for the synthesis.
Impact of a conformationally restricted receptor on the BF2 chelated azadipyrromethene fluorosensing platform
作者:John Killoran、Donal F. O'Shea
DOI:10.1039/b513878g
日期:——
Conformational control of the receptor–fluorophore orientation of BF2 chelated azadipyrromethene sensors reveals two photophysically different modes of analyte triggered fluorescence switching both of which exhibit large off–on fluorescence intensity responses to the light input–output of the sensors in the visible red spectral region.
PET modulated fluorescent sensing from the BF2 chelated azadipyrromethene platform
作者:Michael J. Hall、Lorcan T. Allen、Donal F. O'Shea
DOI:10.1039/b514788c
日期:——
A convergent building block synthesis has been applied to new off/on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) modulated fluorescent sensors which are based on a BF2 chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene platform and operate in the biomedically important red region of the visible spectrum. Incorporation of diethylamine and morpholine receptors facilitates off/on microenvironment polarity and pH sensing. Aqueous formulation and in vitro cellular imaging demonstrates their potential for intracellular sensing.
作者:Robert E. Gawley、Hua Mao、M. Mahbubul Haque、John B. Thorne、Jennifer S. Pharr
DOI:10.1021/jo062506r
日期:2007.3.1
Absorption spectra of a number of shellfish extracts have been obtained and reveal prominent absorptions in all samples at 210 and 260 nm and at 325 nm in some of them. These absorptions preclude the use of chromophores with similar absorptions in testing of shellfish samples for paralytic shellfish toxins. Two crown ether chemosensors featuring a boron azadipyrrin chromophore have been synthesized; both have absorption maxima at 650 nm, where all the shellfish extracts are transparent. The synthetic sensors feature either 18- or 27-membered crown ether rings and have been evaluated as visible sensors for the paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin. The binding constant for one of them is in the range of 3-9 x 10(5) M-1 and exhibits a fluorescence enhancement of over 100% at 680 nm in the presence of 40 mu M saxitoxin.