Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Irreversible Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Inhibitors. 8. Pharmacological Optimization of Orally Bioavailable 2-Pyridone-Containing Peptidomimetics
摘要:
The optimization of the pharmacokinetic performance of various 2-pyridone-containing human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) inhibitors following oral administration to either beagle dogs or CM-monkeys is described. The molecules described in this work are composed of a 2-pyridone-containing peptidomimetic binding determinant and an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester Michael acceptor moiety which forms an irreversible covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue of the 3C enzyme. Modification of the ester contained within these compounds is detailed along with alteration of the P-2 substituent present in the peptidomimetic portion of the inhibitors. The pharmacokinetics of several inhibitors in both dogs and monkeys are described (7 h plasma concentrations after oral administration) along with their human plasma stabilities, stabilities in incubations with human, dog, and monkey microsomes and hepatocytes, Caco-2 permeabilities, and aqueous solubilities. Compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated ethyl ester fragment and either an ethyl or propargyl. P-2 moiety displayed the most promising combination of 3C enzyme inhibition (k(obs)/[1] 170 000-223 000 M-1 s(-1)), antiviral activity (EC50 = 0.047-0.058 muM, mean vs seven HRV serotypes), and pharmacokinetics following oral administration (7 h dog plasma levels = 0.248-0.682 muM; 7 h CM-monkey plasma levels = 0.057-0.896 muM).
这项工作展示了通过可见光驱动的自由基-极性交叉环化策略合成各种全氟烷基杂环。在此过程中,单电子还原/ SN V型/环化序列遵循重氮酯的自由基加成反应,这与目前重氮酯作为自由基前体/受体的作用不同。这种转化表现出优异的官能团相容性,并允许用重氮酯修饰许多生物活性分子。这种反应可能代表了重氮化合物光化学转化的一种新方法。
Metal-free, visible-light driven α-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H <i>gem</i>-difluoroallylation of glycine derivatives with trifluoromethyl alkenes and 1,3-enynes
A metal free, visible-light driven α-C(sp3)−H gem-difluoroallylation of glycine derivatives with CF3-alkenes and 1,3-enynes is presented under redox-neutral conditions with good yields and excellent functional group compatibility.