Indirubin Core Structure of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors as Novel Chemotype for Intervention with 5-Lipoxygenase
作者:Carlo Pergola、Nicolas Gaboriaud-Kolar、Nadine Jestädt、Stefanie König、Marina Kritsanida、Anja M. Schaible、Haokun Li、Ulrike Garscha、Christina Weinigel、Dagmar Barz、Kai F. Albring、Otmar Huber、Alexios L. Skaltsounis、Oliver Werz
DOI:10.1021/jm401740w
日期:2014.5.8
The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 represent promising drug targets in inflammation. We made use of the bisindole core of indirubin, present in GSK-3 inhibitors, to innovatively target 5-LO at the ATP-binding site for the design of dual 5-LO/GSK-3 inhibitors. Evaluation of substituted indirubin derivatives led to the identification of (3Z)-6-bromo-3-[(3E)-3-hydroxyiminoindolin-2-ylidene]indolin-2-one (15) as a potent, direct, and reversible 5-LO inhibitor (IC50 = 1.5 mu M), with comparable cellular effectiveness on 5-LO and GSK-3. Together, we present indirubins as novel chemotypes for the development of 5-LO inhibitors, the interference with the ATP-binding site as a novel strategy for 5-LO targeting, and dual 5-LO/GSK-3 inhibition as an unconventional and promising concept for anti-inflammatory intervention.
Novel Inverse Binding Mode of Indirubin Derivatives Yields Improved Selectivity for DYRK Kinases
Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. In this study, we present the design, synthesis, and biologicalevaluation of indirubins as DYRK inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. Modifications of the bis-indole included polar or acidic functionalities at positions 5' and 6' and a bromine or a trifluoromethyl group at position 7, affording analogues that possess high activity and pronounced specificity. Compound 6i