Structure-activity relationships of illudins: analogs with improved therapeutic index.
摘要:
Illudin S and M are extremely toxic sesquiterpenes produced by Omphalotus illudens. At low pH they behave as bifunctional alkylating agents, but at physiological pH they do not react with oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles. Illudins react spontaneously with sulfur nucleophiles, glutathione or cysteine, at or slightly below pH 7, and toxicity to HL 60 cells can be modulated by altering glutathione levels in cells. Analogs of illudin M, e.g. the deoxy and, particularly, the dehydro derivatives, are less reactive to thiols and correspondingly less toxic to HL 60 cells than the parent compound. Dehydroilludin M has been found to be quite effective at inhibiting tumor growth in vivo at doses well tolerated by athymic nude mice.
MCMORRIS, TREVOR C.;KELNER, MICHAEL J.;CHADHA, RAJ K.;SIEGEL, JAY S.;MOON+, TETRAHEDRON, 45,(1989) N7, C. 5433-5440
作者:MCMORRIS, TREVOR C.、KELNER, MICHAEL J.、CHADHA, RAJ K.、SIEGEL, JAY S.、MOON+
DOI:——
日期:——
Cytotoxic Illudane Sesquiterpenes from the Fungus <i>Granulobasidium vellereum</i> (Ellis and Cragin) Jülich
作者:Christina Nord、Audrius Menkis、Anders Broberg
DOI:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00500
日期:2015.11.25
Eight illudane sesquiterpenes were obtained from the wood-decomposing fungus Granulobasidium vellereum (Ellis and Cragin) Julich; among them were the enantiomers of the known compounds illudin M (1) and dihydroilludin M (4) and the diastereomers of illudin M (2) and illudin S (3), as well as two previously undescribed illudanes (5, 6). The cytotoxicity of compounds 14 and 6 was evaluated against two tumor cell lines (Huh7 and MT4), which showed that compounds 13 had potent cytotoxic activity, whereas compounds 4 and 6 had no or only moderate effects at concentrations up to 400 mu M. Surprisingly, both compounds 2 and 3 were about 10 times more potent than 1. When the chemical reactivity of 1 and 2 was tested, compound 2 was shown to have a substantially higher reaction rate when reacted both with 2 M HCl and with cysteine, indicating that the difference in cytotoxicity is probably due to chemical reactivity and not to enzymatic affinity.
Structure-activity relationships of illudins: analogs with improved therapeutic index.
作者:Trevor C. McMorris、Michael J. Kelner、Wen Wang、Leita A. Estes、Mark A. Montoya、Raymond Taetle
DOI:10.1021/jo00051a037
日期:1992.12
Illudin S and M are extremely toxic sesquiterpenes produced by Omphalotus illudens. At low pH they behave as bifunctional alkylating agents, but at physiological pH they do not react with oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles. Illudins react spontaneously with sulfur nucleophiles, glutathione or cysteine, at or slightly below pH 7, and toxicity to HL 60 cells can be modulated by altering glutathione levels in cells. Analogs of illudin M, e.g. the deoxy and, particularly, the dehydro derivatives, are less reactive to thiols and correspondingly less toxic to HL 60 cells than the parent compound. Dehydroilludin M has been found to be quite effective at inhibiting tumor growth in vivo at doses well tolerated by athymic nude mice.