This paper concerns peptidomimetic scaffolds that can present side chains in conformations resembling those of amino acids in secondary structures without incurring excessive entropic or enthalpic penalties. Compounds of this type are referred to here as minimalist mimics. The core hypothesis of this paper is that small sets of such scaffolds can be designed to analogue local pairs of amino acids (including noncontiguous ones) in any secondary structure; i.e., they are universal peptidomimetics. To illustrate this concept, we designed a set of four peptidomimetic scaffolds. Libraries based on them were made bearing side chains corresponding to many of the protein-derived amino acids. Modeling experiments were performed to give an indication of kinetic and thermodynamic accessibilities of conformations that can mimic secondary structures. Together, peptidomimetics based on these four scaffolds can adopt conformations that resemble almost any combination of local amino acid side chains in any secondary structure. Universal peptidomimetics of this kind are likely to be most useful in the design of libraries for high-throughput screening against diverse targets. Consequently, data arising from submission of these molecules to the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) are outlined.
Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## which contain between 10 and 27 carbon atoms, and wherein m and n are independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; R.sup.2a is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.2b is acetylene or contains between 3 and 18 carbon atoms and is a group R.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 is a C.sub.1-13 non-aromatic hydrocarbyl group, optionally substituted by a cyano or C.sub.1-4 carbalkoxy group and/or by one or two hydroxy groups and/or by one to five halo atoms which are the same or different and/or by one to three groups R.sup.8 which are the same or different and each contain one to four hetero atoms, which are the same or different and are chosen from oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and silicon, 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally 1 to 6 fluoro or chloro atoms or R.sup.2b is a 6-membered aromatic ring substituted by cyano and/or by one to three groups R.sup.8 and/or by a group --C.tbd.CH, --C.tbd.C-R.sup.7 or C.tbd.C-halo and/or by one to five halo atoms and/or by one to three C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl groups wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as hereinbefore defined; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and are chosen from hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl or cyano; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl provided that R.sup.2b is not propyl or butyl are described which have pesticidal activity, particularly against arthropod pests. Pesticidal formulations containing the compounds of the formula (I), their use in the control of pests and method for their preparation are also disclosed.
A palladium-catalyzed coupling procedure of alkenes with alkynylnitriles has been demonstrated for the synthesis of dichlorides. The reaction is the first example of nitrile-assisted C(sp3)-Cl formation promoted by coordination of a cyano group with an alkylpalladium(II) complex. The construction of a five-membered cycle intermediate successfully inhibits the β-hydride abstraction, resulting in direct
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylenediamine dioxide (TMEDAO<sub>2</sub>) facilitates atom economical/open atmosphere Ley–Griffith (TPAP) tandem oxidation-Wittig reactions
作者:Christopher D. G. Read、Peter W. Moore、Craig M. Williams
DOI:10.1039/c5gc01346a
日期:——
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine dioxide (TMEDAO2) was explored as a more atom economical co-oxidant for the Ley–Griffith oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.
N, N, N′, N′-四甲基乙二胺二氧化物(TMEDAO2)被探讨作为 Ley–Griffith 氧化醇制醛反应中更具原子经济性的辅助氧化剂。
An effective and inexpensive strategy for the Co(C9H9NO2)3catalyzed Sonogashira–Hagihara cross‐coupling reaction of arylbromides containing electron‐rich and electron‐poor substituents with terminal alkynes was demonstrated. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of ethylene glycol as additive and K2CO3 as base in DMF under visible light illumination, and 23 alkyne products were afforded
证明了一种有效且廉价的Co(C 9 H 9 NO 2)3催化Sonogashira–Hagihara交叉偶联反应的方法,该反应使含有富电子和贫电子取代基的芳基溴化物与末端炔烃反应。在乙二醇作为添加剂和K 2 CO 3的存在下,反应平稳进行在可见光照射下作为DMF的碱,提供了23种炔烃产品,收率中等至优异,其中包括4种新的二芳基乙炔。与高成本的钯催化剂相比,钴是一种廉价的催化剂,具有大量技术生产,并且无钯/无铜催化体系不仅提供了反应条件温和的高效工艺,而且还提高了底物基团的耐受性。
Selective oxidations of activated alcohols in water at room temperature
作者:B. H. Lipshutz、M. Hageman、J. C. Fennewald、R. Linstadt、E. Slack、K. Voigtritter
DOI:10.1039/c4cc05163g
日期:——
Allylic and benzylic alcohols can be selectively oxidized to their corresponding aldehydes or ketones in water containing nanoreactors composed of the designer surfactant TPGS-750-M. The oxidation relies on catalytic amounts of CuBr, bpy, and TEMPO, with N-methyl-imidazole; air is the stoichiometric oxidant.