Dissecting the Electronic Contribution to the Regioselectivity of the Larock Heteroannulation Reaction in the Oxidative Addition and Carbopalladation Steps
作者:Kanyapat Yiamsawat、Kevin P. Gable、Pitak Chuawong
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.1c02560
日期:2022.1.21
the regiochemical outcome of the reaction. Density functional theory calculations of the oxidative addition and carbopalladation steps revealed the electronic influences of the substituted 2-iodoaniline derivatives toward the overall rate of the reaction. In contrast, the electronic properties of the asymmetric diarylacetylene remained the critical product-determining factor of regioselectivity.
Comparative Studies on Conventional and Microwave Synthesis of Some Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole and Indole Derivatives and Testing on Inhibition of Hyaluronidase
作者:Oztekin Algul、Andre Kaessler、Yagmur Apcin、Akin Yilmaz、Joachim Jose
DOI:10.3390/molecules13040736
日期:——
We have synthesized twelve 2-substituted benzimidazole, benzothiazole and indole derivatives using on both microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. The microwave method was observed to be more beneficial as it provides an increase of yield from 3% to 113% and a 95 to 98 % reduction in time. All compounds were tested by a stains-all assay at pH 7 and by a Morgan-Elson assay at pH 3.5
Indole compounds and their use as estrogen agonists/antagonists
申请人:——
公开号:US20030220377A1
公开(公告)日:2003-11-27
This invention relates to compounds, in particular indoles, that are useful as estrogen agonists and antagonists and pharmaceutical uses thereof. The present invention also relates to indoles that are selective for the ER&bgr; receptor and pharmaceutical uses thereof. The compounds have utility in that they may be used to treat estrogen mediated disorders.
A series of 2,3-diarylindoles were synthesized from 2-iodoaniline and unsymmetrical diarylacetylenes using the Larock heteroannulation. Diarylacetylenes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents lead to 2,3-diarylindoles with substituted phenyl moieties at the 2-position as major products, while those with electron-donating groups preferably yield indole products with substituted phenyl moieties at the 3-position. The regioisomeric product ratios exhibit a clear correlation with Hammett sigma(p) values. DFT calculations reveal the origin of this effect, displaying smaller activation energy barriers for those pathways leading to the major regioisomer.
Buu-Hoi et al., Journal of the Chemical Society, 1954, p. 1034,1037