Dihydrolycoricidin | 34200-34-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 生物碱及其衍生物 - 石蒜科生物碱
• 英文名称: Dihydrolycoricidin
• 英文别名: cis-Dihydronarciclasine；2,3,4,7-tetrahydroxy-2,3,4,4a,5,11b-hexahydro-1H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]phenanthridin-6-one
• CAS: 34200-34-5
• 化学式: C₁₄H₁₅NO₇
• 分子量: 309.276
• InChiKey: SBTGHBALOCEVOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  635.6±55.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.705±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.6
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  129
• 氢给体数：
  5
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

石棉纤维在正常意义上不被代谢，而保留在肺部的闪石纤维似乎不会发生任何重大变化。一些纤维会沉积在呼吸道和构成你肺部的细胞上。大多数纤维通过被带走或在喉部的一层粘液中咳出而被从肺部移除，然后在那里被吞入胃中。沉积在肺部最深处的纤维移除得更慢。实际上，一些纤维可能会穿过肺部，并且可以在原位停留多年，甚至可能永远不被身体移除。保留在肺部的较长纤维可能会经历多种过程，包括转移、溶解、断裂、分裂或蛋白质包裹。在肺部停留的较长纤维可以被蛋白质包裹，形成通常所说的“石棉体”。作为对石棉纤维的反应，肺泡巨噬细胞产生反应性氧种以尝试消化纤维。这些反应性氧种包括过氧化氢和超氧自由基阴离子（O2-）。被吞下的纤维（那些在水中的，或那些从肺部转移到喉部的）几乎都在几天内通过肠道并随粪便排出体外。（L222）

Asbestos fibers are not metabolized in the normal sense of the word, and amphibole fibers that are retained in the lung do not appear to undergo any major changes. Some of the fibers will be deposited in the air passages and on the cells that make up your lungs. Most fibers are removed from the lungs by being carried away or coughed up in a layer of mucus to the throat, where they are swallowed into the stomach. Fibers that are deposited in the deepest parts of the lung are removed more slowly. In fact, some fibers may move through the lungs and can remain in place for many years and may never be removed from the body. Longer fibers that are retained in the lung may undergo a number of processes including translocation, dissolution, fragmentation, splitting, or protein encapsulation. Long fibers that reside in the lung can become encapsulated in protein, forming what is often referred to as an "asbestos body". In response to asbestos fibers, alveolar macrophages produce reactive oxygen species in an attempt to digest the fiber. The reactive oxygen species include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical anion (O2-). Fibers that have been swallowed (those present in water, or those moved to the throat from the lungs) almost all pass along the intestines within a few days and are excreted in the feces. (L222)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

石棉纤维被吸入时，许多纤维会沉积在呼吸道的上皮表面。长时间留在肺或浆膜上的纤维能够产生慢性炎症、纤维化和致癌作用。这些效应可能是通过纤维与关键细胞大分子之间的直接相互作用介导的，或者可能是由肺泡巨噬细胞产生的活性氧种和其他细胞因子介导的。此外，纤维的物理化学性质似乎是毒性的一个重要决定因素。人们普遍认为，暴露于角闪石纤维会导致间皮瘤，且角闪石纤维引起间皮瘤的能力大于石棉。石棉纤维可以吸附到多种细胞大分子（例如，蛋白质、膜脂质、RNA、DNA）。石棉纤维与其中一些大分子之间的库仑力可能会引起构象变化，这些变化可能会影响蛋白质功能和染色体的忠实性。发现位于细胞核附近的纤维可以与细胞骨架相互作用，并干扰染色体分离。（L222）

When asbestos fibers are inhaled, many are deposited on the epithelial surface of the respiratory tree. Fibers that are retained in the lung or mesothelium for long periods of time are capable of producing chronic inflammation and fibrotic and tumorigenic effects. These effects may be mediated by direct interactions between the fiber and key cellular macromolecules, or they may be mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species and other cellular factors originating from alveolar macrophages. In addition, the physical-chemical nature of the fiber appears to be an important determinant of toxicity. It is generally agreed that exposure to amphibole fibers can produce mesothelioma, and that the potency of amphibole fibers to produce mesothelioma is greater than that of chrysotile. Asbestos fibers can adsorb to a variety of cellular macromolecules (e.g., proteins,membrane lipids, RNA, DNA). The coulombic forces between the asbestos fiber and some of these macromolecules may induce conformational changes, and these changes could affect protein function and chromosomal fidelity. Fibers found to be translocated near the nucleus can interact with the cytoskeleton and interfere with chromosome segregation. (L222)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。(L224)

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L224)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

感染人群在肺和包围肺的膜中逐渐形成类似疤痕的组织，因此呼吸变得困难。血液流向肺部的流量也可能减少，这导致心脏扩大。这种疾病被称为石棉肺。感染人群患有两种主要类型癌症的风险增加：肺组织本身的癌症和间皮瘤，这是一种包围肺和其他内部器官的薄膜的癌症。患者的细胞免疫系统可能会受到抑制。此外，已经注意到人类间皮瘤细胞或细胞系中染色体的片段缺失。(L222)

Infected people develop a slow buildup of scar-like tissue in the lungs and in the membrane that surrounds the lungs, so breathing becomes difficult. Blood flow to the lung may also be decreased, and this causes the heart to enlarge. This disease is called asbestosis. Infected people have increased chances of getting two principal types of cancer: cancer of the lung tissue itself and mesothelioma, a cancer of the thin membrane that surrounds the lung and other internal organs. The cellular immune system of the patient can be depressed. Also, deletions of chromosome segments have been noted in human mesothelioma cells or cell lines. (L222)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入（L222）；注射（L222）

Inhalation (L222) ; injection (L222)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

石棉暴露的症状包括呼吸急促，通常伴有咳嗽。

Symptoms of asbestos exposure include shortness of breath, often accompanied by a cough. (L222)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)