convenient and versatile method was developed for the synthesis of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl 2-oxoalkylphosphonates starting from dimethyl phosphonates by alkaline hydrolysis followed by esterification with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol using diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst following the Steglich protocol.
To identify potent EP2/EP4 dual agonists with excellent subtype selectivity, a series of c-lactam prostaglandin E analogs bearing a 16-phenyl x-chain were synthesized and evaluated. Structural hybridization of 1 and 2, followed by more detailed chemical modification of the benzoic acid moiety, led us to the discovery of a 2-mercaptothiazole-4-carboxylic acid analog 3 as the optimal compound in the series. An isomer of this compound, the 2-mercaptothiazole-5-carboxylic acid analog 13, showed 34-fold and 13-fold less potent EP2 and EP4 receptor affinities, respectively. Structure activity relationship data from an in vitro mouse receptor binding assay are presented. Continued evaluation in an in vivo rat model of another 2-mercaptothiazole-4-carboxylic acid analog 17, optimized for sustained compound release from PLGA microspheres, demonstrated its effectiveness in a rat bone fracture-healing model following topical administration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Discovery of a novel EP2/EP4 dual agonist with high subtype-selectivity
A series of gamma-lactam prostaglandin E(1) analogs bearing a 16-phenyl moiety in the omega-chain and aryl moiety in the alpha-chain were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Among the tested compounds, gamma-lactam PGE analog 3 designed as a structural hybrid of 1 and 2 was discovered as the most optimized EP2/EP4 dual agonist with excellent subtype-selectivity (K(i) values: mEP2 = 9.3 nM, mEP4 = 0.41 nM). A structure-activity relationship study is presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel modified γ-lactam prostanoids as EP4 subtype-selective agonists
作者:Tohru Kambe、Toru Maruyama、Toshihiko Nagase、Seiji Ogawa、Chiaki Minamoto、Kiyoto Sakata、Takayuki Maruyama、Hisao Nakai、Masaaki Toda
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.009
日期:2012.1
To identify chemically and metabolically stable subtype-selective EP4 agonists, design and synthesis of a series of modified gamma-lactam prostanoids has been continued. Prostanoids bearing 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine, 2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine and 5-thioxopyrrolidine as a surrogate for the gamma-hydroxycyclopentanone without a troublesome 11-hydroxy group were identified as highly subtype-selective EP4 agonists. Among the tested, several representative compounds demonstrated in vivo efficacy after oral dosing in rats. Their pharmacokinetic and structure-activity relationship studies are presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
<i>Z</i>- and <i>E</i>-selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions
In the present work, we determined and evaluated the stereochemical outcome of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction of 2-oxoalkylphosphonates with different ester functions (bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl, dimethyl) and side chains (aliphatic, aromatic) with three different aldehydes (benzaldehyde, THP- and PPB-protected Corey aldehydes) under two reaction conditions. The trans protocol is generally used in the E-selective HWE reactions, while cis protocol promotes the Z-selectivity.[GRAPHICS].