Design and Stereoselective Synthesis of Retinoids with Ferrocene or N-Butylcarbazole Pharmacophores that Induce Post-Differentiation Apoptosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells
作者:Diana Ivanova、Hinrich Gronemeyer、Angel R. de Lera
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201100065
日期:2011.8.1
New ferrocene and N‐alkylcarbazole retinoids were designed and synthesized stereoselectively in good yields. A number of these synthesized ligands, in particular 2, 3, and 11, were found to exhibit a high RARα activation potential and to effectively induce post‐differentiation apoptosis in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Increasing the length of the side chain attached to the heterocycle
新的二茂铁和N-烷基咔唑类视黄醇的设计和立体选择性合成得到了良好的收率。许多这些合成的配体,特别是2,3,和11时,发现表现出高RARα活化的潜力,并有效地诱导后分化的细胞凋亡在NB4急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)单元。增加咔唑类胡萝卜素杂环上连接的侧链的长度,为改变化合物的分解代谢和微调配体的凋亡诱导潜力创造了新的机会。在咔唑系列新类视黄醇中,N-丁基咔唑类似物11的活性最大。在所有测定中(即RARα激活,分化诱导和凋亡诱导)。对细胞凋亡机制的研究表明,在治疗的第6天,激活了胱天蛋白酶8和-9的启动子,然后有效裂解了胱天蛋白酶3。随后在NB4细胞中诱导半胱天冬酶级联反应引发了最终的白血病细胞死亡。所选择的配位体2,3,和11可以提供用于在威胁生命的ATRA综合征,阻力,从而能够常规使用的类视黄醇的高毒性的病例的治疗APL的替代选项。