The halogen-bonding interaction between I2 and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) stabilized by a Lewis base (LB) has been explored. 1H NMR, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) suggest the generation of a 1:1:1 assembly, LB–I2–NIS. In contrast, when N-iodotrifluoromethanesulfonimide (INTf2) is used instead of NIS, LB–I5+–LB is generated. On the basis of these results
The subject invention provides novel plants that are not only resistant to 2,4-D, but also to a pyridyloxyacetate herbicide. The subject invention also includes plants that produce one or more enzymes of the subject invention “stacked” together with one or more other herbicide resistance genes. The subject invention enables novel combinations of herbicides to be used in new ways. Furthermore, the subject invention provides novel methods of preventing the development of, and controlling, strains of weeds that are resistant to one or more herbicides such as glyphosate. The preferred enzyme and gene for use according to the subject invention are referred to herein as AAD-13 (AryloxyAlkanoate Dioxygenase). This highly novel discovery is the basis of significant herbicide tolerant crop trait and selectable marker opportunities.
USES AND DETECTION OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO ARYLOXYALKANOATE HERBICIDES
申请人:Dow AgroSciences LLC
公开号:US20130040815A1
公开(公告)日:2013-02-14
The subject invention provides novel plants that are not only resistant to 2,4-D, but also to a pyridyloxyacetate herbicide. The subject invention also includes plants that produce one or more enzymes of the subject invention “stacked” together with one or more other herbicide resistance genes. The subject invention enables novel combinations of herbicides to be used in new ways. Furthermore, the subject invention provides novel methods of preventing the development of, and controlling, strains of weeds that are resistant to one or more herbicides such as glyphosate. The preferred enzyme and gene for use according to the subject invention are referred to herein as AAD-13 (AryloxyAlkanoate Dioxygenase). This highly novel discovery is the basis of significant herbicide tolerant crop trait and selectable marker opportunities.
Efficient Medium Ring Size Bromolactonization Using a Sulfur-Based Zwitterionic Organocatalyst
作者:Yi An Cheng、Tao Chen、Chong Kiat Tan、Jun Jie Heng、Ying-Yeung Yeung
DOI:10.1021/ja307210n
日期:2012.10.10
Catalytic bromolactonization of long-chain olefinic acids resulting in the efficient synthesis of medium-sized lactones is reported using a zwitterionic catalyst and stoichiometric N-bromosuccinimide halogen source. The reaction was found to be more efficient at 0 degrees C than at room temperature, which could be attributed to the temperature dependence of the zwitterionic catalyst.
Oxygen Effect in the Iodo Lactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Leading to 7- to 12-Membered Ring Lactones
作者:Bruno Simonot、Gerard Rousseau
DOI:10.1021/jo00099a019
日期:1994.10
The reaction of omega-alkenoic acids with bis(sym-collidine)iodine(I) hexafluorophosphate led to (iodomethyl) epsilon-caprolactones in good yields (49-75%) and medium ring iodo lactones in low yields (4-5%). The latter compounds have been obtained after introduction of an oxygen atom in the carbon chain. The position of the oxygen appeared important. This oxygen effect was explained by the stabilization of the intermediate iodonium ion by the oxygen atom.