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methane cation radical | 74-82-8

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
methane cation radical
英文别名
methane radical cation;methane radical ion;Methan-Kation
methane cation radical化学式
CAS
74-82-8;27680-53-1
化学式
CH4
mdl
——
分子量
16.0428
InChiKey
DEMLYXWOPCFOLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    −183 °C(lit.)
  • 沸点:
    −161 °C(lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.716 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    0.55 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    -188 ºC
  • 介电常数:
    1.7(-173℃)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.64
  • 重原子数:
    1.0
  • 可旋转键数:
    0.0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0.0
  • 氢给体数:
    0.0
  • 氢受体数:
    0.0

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    2.1
  • 危险品标志:
    F+
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S33,S9
  • 危险类别码:
    R12
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02,GHS04
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1971 2.1
  • 危险性描述:
    H220,H280
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210,P377,P381,P410 + P403

SDS

SDS:6beac6ca63b1d5794a5df9eb1ee6401a
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制备方法与用途

甲烷简介

甲烷,化学式为CH₄,是最简单的有机物。其分子结构呈四面体,四个键的长度相同且键角相等。在标准状态下,甲烷是一种无色、无味的气体。由于具有高度可燃性,它常作为燃料使用(如天然气和沼气的主要成分),并在化工生产中广泛用于制造氢气、一氧化碳、乙炔及甲醛。

制备方法 细菌分解法

将有机质放入沼气池中,在适宜温度和湿度条件下,甲烷菌迅速繁殖并分解有机质产生甲烷、二氧化碳、氢等气体。其中甲烷的含量约为60%-70%,经低温液化后可提取出廉价的甲烷。

合成法

将二氧化碳与氢在催化剂作用下反应生成甲烷和氧气,其化学方程式为: CO₂ + 2H₂ = CH₄ + O₂

另外,碳蒸汽直接与氢反应也可制备高纯度的甲烷。

实验室制法

使用无水醋酸钠(CH₃COONa)和碱石灰(NaOH和CaO做干燥剂),通过如下化学方程式进行反应: CH₃COONa + NaOH = Na₂CO₃ + CH₄↑

收集方法为排水法。

特点与注意事项
  1. 必须使用无水醋酸钠与干燥的碱石灰来制取甲烷,否则几乎无法产生。
  2. 实验操作及气体收集方式需遵循氧气制备相同规范。
化学性质

无色无臭、可燃性气体。微溶于水,并能溶解于乙醇、乙醚等有机溶剂中。

用途

主要用于转化为氢气和合成氨,也可作为甲醇和其他多种化学品的原料。干气可用作燃料或生产合成氨、炭黑、甲醇;湿气则可裂解为乙烯、丙烯等物质。

生产方法

自然界的天然气、煤层气及沼气是甲烷的主要来源:

  1. 天然气分离:天然气中含80%-99%的甲烷,干天然气经过净化后使用;湿天然气则需通过冷凝法、吸收法或吸附法去除乙烷以上的轻烃后再使用。
  2. 油田气分离:油气开采时逸出的天然气中,干气含有80%-85%的甲烷,而湿气中的含量为10%,在加压和冷却条件下可液化作为化工原料。
  3. 炼厂气分离:石油加工过程中气体中含有20%-50%的甲烷;在从中提取乙烯、丙烯的过程中也可副产甲烷或纯度更高的甲烷。
  4. 焦炉气与干馏煤气中同样含有一定比例(约20%-30%或40%-60%)的甲烷,通过深冷法可进一步分离并得到甲烷。
安全信息
  • 类别:有害气体
  • 毒性分级:中毒
  • 急性毒性:吸入小鼠LC₅₀为50,000 ppm/2小时。
  • 爆炸危险特性:与空气混合易爆
  • 可燃性危险特性:易燃,火场可能释放辛辣刺激烟雾并具有窒息性。
  • 储存运输:应存放在通风良好、低温干燥的地方,并与氧化剂分开存放。
  • 灭火剂:水雾、二氧化碳或泡沫。
  • 职业暴露限值:时间加权平均容许浓度为6700 mg/m³。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    methane cation radical盐酸 作用下, 以 gas 为溶剂, 生成 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Energy dependencies of fast reactions of positive ions X+ with HCl from near thermal to ≂2 eV center‐of‐mass collision energy (X+=H+,H2+,H3+,N+,N2+,Ar+,C+,CH+, CH2+,CH3+,CH4+,CH5+)
    摘要:
    The rate coefficients for the reactions of the ions H+, H2+, H3+, N+, N2+, Ar+, C+, CH+, CH2+, CH3+, CH4+, and CH5+ with HCl have been measured as a function of reactant ion/reactant neutral average center-of-mass kinetic energy (KEc.m.). The measurements were performed using a selected ion flow drift tube operated at 300 K with helium buffer gas. Most of these reactions have rate coefficients close to their collisional values at ambient temperature and all of them exhibit a pronounced KEc.m. dependence. A simple model is proposed, in which the measured dependence of the rate coefficients on KEc.m. is expressed in terms of the kinetic-energy dependence of the rate unimolecular decomposition of the intermediate complex formed in the ion-neutral collision.
    DOI:
    10.1063/1.464742
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    methane 在 氪气 作用下, 以 gaseous matrix 为溶剂, 生成 [3H]甲基鎓methane cation radical
    参考文献:
    名称:
    A crossed‐beam scattering study of CH+4and CH+3formation in charge transfer collisions of Kr+with CH4at about 1 eV
    摘要:
    The dynamics of CH+4 and CH+3 ion formation in collisions of Kr+ (2P3/2′1/2) with thermal CH4 has been investigated in a crossed beam experiment at a hyperthermal collision energy of 1.18 eV. The scattering data show that the CH+4 product is formed in a near-resonant exoergic process in which the most probable energy transferred to the target is practically equal to the recombination energy of the Kr+ projectile (resonant energy transfer); in addition a wide band of internal states of CH+4 up to ±0.6 eV is populated in inelastic and superelastic collisions. In contrast, the CH+3 product is formed in dissociative charge transfer, with about one-half of the yield due to nonresonant, endoergic collisions of Kr+ (2P3/2). The other half of the CH+3 product is found to originate in near-resonant exoergic collisions of Kr+ (2P1/2). An estimate is given of the distribution of the total energy deposited in methane by the above processes.
    DOI:
    10.1063/1.469095
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文献信息

  • Reactions of CH+ ions ith molecules at 300 K
    作者:N.G. Adams、D. Smith
    DOI:10.1016/0009-2614(78)85278-6
    日期:1978.3
    The rate coefficients and product ion distributions have been obtained for the reactions of the CH+n ions (n = 0 to 4) with COS, H2S, H2CO, CH3OH and CH3NH2 in a SIFT at 300 K. The reactions are generally fast binary with multiple products except for CH+3 for which fast ternary association channels are also observed in parallel with the binary channels.
    在300°C的SIFT中,已获得CH + n离子(n = 0至4)与COS,H 2 S,H 2 CO,CH 3 OH和CH 3 NH 2的反应的速率系数和产物离子分布。 K.反应通常是具有多种产物的快速二元反应,但CH + 3除外,因为CH + 3的快速三元缔合通道也与二元通道平行观察到。
  • A beam scattering study of the dynamics of CH<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub>(CH<sub>4</sub>,CH<sub>3</sub>)CH<sup>+</sup><sub>5</sub>reaction in the eV collision energy range: Three competing mechanisms of CH<sup>+</sup><sub>5</sub>formation
    作者:Zdenek Herman、Michael Henchman、Bretislav Friedrich
    DOI:10.1063/1.458680
    日期:1990.10
    A crossed-beam study of the reaction CH+4(CH4,CH3)CH+5 was carried out in the collision energy range 0.6–2.3 eV. Three distinct patterns were observed, which may be interpreted in terms of three competing mechanisms for CH+5 formation: proton stripping, H-atom pickup, and intermediate complex decomposition. The existence of a C2H+8 intermediate, stable towards dissociation, is suggested by the results. The relative weights of the three mechanisms were estimated as a function of collision energy.
  • Ion-molecule reactions in mixture of methane with water, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia
    作者:Wesley T. Huntress、Russell F. Pinizzotto、James B. Laudenslager
    DOI:10.1021/ja00794a001
    日期:1973.6.27
  • Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: S: SVol.4a/b, 1.3.8.11.1, page 212 - 214
    作者:
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • The addition of carbanions to the carbonyl group in the gas phase
    作者:J. E. Bartmess、R. L. Hays、G. Caldwell
    DOI:10.1021/ja00396a006
    日期:1981.3
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