A new type of magnetically-recoverable catalyst was synthesized by the immobilization of H3PW12O40 on the surface of silica-encapsulated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. This catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a laser particle size analyzer, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results show that the particles are mostly spherical in shape and have an average size of approximately 94 nm. The characterization data derived from IR spectroscopy reveal that H3PW12O40 on the support exists in the Keggin structure. The acidity of the catalyst was measured by a potentiometric titration with n-butylamine. To our surprise, this very strong solid acid catalyst showed an excellent distribution of acid sites, suggesting that the catalyst possesses a higher number of surface active sites compared to its homogeneous analogues. The activity of the catalyst was probed through one-pot three-component Mannich-type reactions of aldehydes, amines and ketones in water at room temperature. The excellent conversions show that the catalyst has strong and sufficient acidic sites, which are responsible for its catalytic performance. After the reaction, the catalyst/product separation could be easily achieved with an external magnetic field, and more than 95% of the catalyst could usually be recovered. The catalyst was reused at least five times without any loss of its high catalytic activity.
通过将H3PW12O40固定在
二氧化硅包覆的γ-
Fe2O3纳米颗粒表面,合成了一种新型磁性可回收催化剂。该催化剂通过透射电子显微镜(
TEM)、激光粒度分析仪、红外光谱(IR)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)进行了表征。结果显示,颗粒主要呈球形,平均尺寸约为94纳米。红外光谱表征数据揭示,负载上的H3PW12O40以Keggin结构存在。催化剂的酸度通过用
正丁胺进行的电位滴定法测量。令人惊讶的是,这种非常强的固体酸催化剂显示出优异的酸位点分布,表明催化剂相对于均相类似物具有更高的表面活性位点数量。催化剂的活性通过在
水中的室温下进行的一锅法三组分Mannich型反应,即醛、胺和酮的反应来评估。优异的转化率表明,催化剂具有强烈且充分的酸性位点,这是其催化性能的原因。反应后,通过外部磁场可以轻松实现催化剂/产物分离,通常可以回收超过95%的催化剂。该催化剂至少可以重复使用五次,而不会损失其高催化活性。