The Impact of Trade and Exchange-rate Policy Reforms on North African Manufactured Exports
摘要:
Three indicators capture the impact of exchange‐rate policy in fostering manufactured exports from North Africa: changes in the real effective exchange rate (REER), its volatility, and its misalignment. The impact of trade policy is examined using a trade liberalisation indicator. Export supply equations are estimated for three manufacturing industries: textiles, chemicals, and food. The results suggest that trade and exchange‐rate policies matter for export performance, as is evidenced by the negative influence exerted independently by real exchange‐rate misalignment and volatility and by the positive influence of trade liberalisation.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) has been suggested to represent a blood-aqueous barrier impairment leading to a higher protein content in aqueous humour of eyes with PEX. However, the nature of a prospective PEX protein has not yet been described. We set out to reevaluate protein content and examine protein composition for prospective PEX protein candidates in aqueous humour of eyes with PEX syndrome. Aqueous humour of 52 patients with PEX and 38 without PEX signs was sampled during cataract or glaucoma surgery. Total aqueous protein concentration in the samples was analysed in 43 PEX specimens and 32 non-PEX specimens according to Bradford. Aqueous protein composition of all samples was determined by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and silver staining. Screening for amyloids was performed in nine PEX samples and six non-PEX samples by Congo Red staining and polarised light microscopy. Aqueous protein concentration was not significantly increased in PEX eyes in comparison with non-PEX eyes. Furthermore, we could not detect any characteristic difference in protein band sizes of the two groups after SDS PAGE. However, we were able to show the presence of amyloid exclusively in aqueous humour of PEX patients. Conclusion: our results do not confirm a generally higher protein concentration in pseudoexfoliation syndrome eyes. This does not necessarily contradict a blood-aqueous barrier impairment but illustrates the variance in protein concentration between and within the two groups. No characteristic protein band allocatable to pseudoexfoliation syndrome proteins could be detected in any of the samples. However, our findings support the theory that the pseudoexfoliation syndrome is associated with an amyloid of a serum protein.
Polyalkylbenzenes. XXXIII.<sup>1</sup> 4,6,7-Trimethylcoumaran-3-one and its Conversion into 2-Isopropyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxycoumaran
作者:Lee Irvin Smith、John A. King、Willa Irwin Guss、Joseph Nichols
DOI:10.1021/ja01248a041
日期:1943.8
US5599959A
申请人:——
公开号:US5599959A
公开(公告)日:1997-02-04
Zur Chemie des 4-Hydroxy-cumarins
作者:E. Ziegler、H. Maier
DOI:10.1007/bf00900635
日期:1958.1
The Impact of Trade and Exchange-rate Policy Reforms on North African Manufactured Exports
作者:Khalid Sekkat、Aristomene Varoudakis
DOI:10.1111/1467-7679.00164
日期:2002.5
Three indicators capture the impact of exchange‐rate policy in fostering manufactured exports from North Africa: changes in the real effective exchange rate (REER), its volatility, and its misalignment. The impact of trade policy is examined using a trade liberalisation indicator. Export supply equations are estimated for three manufacturing industries: textiles, chemicals, and food. The results suggest that trade and exchange‐rate policies matter for export performance, as is evidenced by the negative influence exerted independently by real exchange‐rate misalignment and volatility and by the positive influence of trade liberalisation.