通过中和反应或偏合成反应,高产制备了基于 4-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑酸阴离子和特定富氮阳离子的高能盐。对所制备的高能盐的关键特性,如熔点、热稳定性(169â303 °C)、密度(1.54â1.84 g cmâ3)、冲击灵敏度(>60 J)、形成热、引爆压力(20.99â32.55 GPa)和速度(7712â8751 m sâ1)进行了测量或计算。作为高度不敏感的高能材料,盐 9(32.55 GPa,8743 m sâ1)和盐 11(28.85 GPa,8751 m sâ1)与 1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB,31.15 GPa 和 8114 m sâ1)相当。
Synthesis and Comparison of the Reactivity of 3,4,5-1<i>H</i>-Trinitropyrazole and Its<i>N</i>-Methyl Derivative
作者:Igor L. Dalinger、Irina A. Vatsadze、Tatyana K. Shkineva、Galina P. Popova、Svyatoslav A. Shevelev、Yuliya V. Nelyubina
DOI:10.1002/jhet.1026
日期:2013.7
(1) has been obtained via nitration of 3,5‐dinitropyrazole with mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. Compound 1 reacts with excess ammonia and aliphatic amines, in the presence of bases with NH‐azoles, phenols, thiols, and triflouroethanol at mild conditions in water. All these reactions occur as the nucleophilic substitution of the nitro‐group at position 4 in 1 affording 4‐R‐3,5‐dinitropyrazoles.
Combining Performance with Thermal Stability: Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(3,5‐Dinitro‐1
<i>H</i>
‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1
<i>H</i>
‐tetrazole and its Energetic Derivatives
作者:Maximilian Benz、Thomas M. Klapötke、Jörg Stierstorfer
DOI:10.1002/zaac.202000123
日期:2020.8.31
In this study, we present the synthesis of 5‐(3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole and itsenergeticderivatives starting from 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole, which was diazotized and cyanide substituted. A subsequent cycloaddition reaction with sodium azide led to 5‐(3,5‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole (3). Several alkaline metal and nitrogen‐rich salts were prepared and characterized by low‐temperature
Polynitro-substituted pyrazoles and triazoles as potential energetic materials and oxidizers
作者:Ping Yin、Jiaheng Zhang、Chunlin He、Damon A. Parrish、Jean'ne M. Shreeve
DOI:10.1039/c3ta15057g
日期:——
N-Trinitroethylamino energetic derivatives were obtained from carbon and nitrogen functionalization of nitropyrazoles and nitrotriazoles. N-Trinitroethylamino nitroazoles and N-amino nitroazoles were fully characterized by IR, multinuclear NMR spectra, and elemental analyses. Compounds 10, 11 and 15 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray structuring. N-Functionalized nitroazoles have moderate to excellent thermal stabilities with good densities. Data based on impact and friction tests show these compounds range from very sensitive to insensitive. Theoretical calculations carried out using Gaussian 03 demonstrate good to excellent detonation pressures and velocities, as well as high specific impulse.
Lithium Nitropyrazolates as Potential Red Pyrotechnic Colorants
作者:Alicia M. W. Dufter‐Münster、Alexander G. Harter、Thomas M. Klapötke、Elena Reinhardt、Julia Römer、Jörg Stierstorfer
DOI:10.1002/ejic.202101048
日期:2022.3.18
The lithium salts of polynitropyrazoles were evaluated for their suitability as red pyrotechniccolorants. While lithium 3,4-dinitropyrazolate and lithium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate are hygroscopic, lithium 3,5-dinitropyrazolate and lithium 4-oxo-3,5-dinitropyrazolate respond to ignition stimuli. The 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole analogue, which is the most insensitive compound in this row, was applied
confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The densities of these compounds ranged from 1.67 to 1.86 g cm−3. All energetic salts exhibit excellent thermal stabilities with decomposition temperatures ranging from 216 to 299 °C and all are insensitive to impact. Decomposition of these thermally stable compounds (salts 2, 3, and 4) occurs at 299, 296, and 290 °C, respectively. Theoretical performance
为了达到高能量密度材料(HEDM )的长期,高度期望的目标,N-(3,5-二硝基-1 H-吡唑-4-基)-1 H-四唑-的新型N桥结构设计并合成了5-胺及其选择的富氮高能盐。所有化合物均通过1 H和13 C NMR(在某些情况下为15 N NMR)光谱,IR光谱,HRMS和元素分析充分表征。其中,盐6 ·H 2 O和10进一步通过单晶X射线衍射确认。这些化合物的密度为1.67至1.86 g cm -3。所有高能盐均表现出出色的热稳定性,分解温度范围为216至299°C,并且对撞击不敏感。这些热稳定的化合物的分解(盐2,3和4)出现在299,296和290℃,分别。理论性能计算(Gaussian 03和EXPLO5 v6.01)分别提供了高能盐在25.9-37.4 GPa和8264-9364 ms -1范围内的爆炸压力和速度。六个高能化合物的爆炸速度> 9000 ms -1。值得注意的是,盐