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Mycobutin | 72559-06-9

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Mycobutin
英文别名
[(7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,32-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22-heptamethyl-1'-(2-methylpropyl)-6,23-dioxospiro[8,33-dioxa-24,27,29-triazapentacyclo[23.6.1.14,7.05,31.026,30]tritriaconta-1(32),2,4,9,19,21,24,26,30-nonaene-28,4'-piperidine]-13-yl] acetate
Mycobutin化学式
CAS
72559-06-9
化学式
C46H62N4O11
mdl
——
分子量
847.0
InChiKey
ZWBTYMGEBZUQTK-PVLSIAFMSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    169-171°C
  • 沸点:
    969.6±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.33±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    二甲基亚砜:>5mg/mL
  • 颜色/状态:
    Violet-red crystalline powder

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4.7
  • 重原子数:
    61
  • 可旋转键数:
    5
  • 环数:
    6.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.59
  • 拓扑面积:
    209
  • 氢给体数:
    5
  • 氢受体数:
    14

ADMET

代谢
肝脏的。在已识别的五种代谢物中,25-O-去乙酰化和31-羟基化最为主要。前者代谢物的活性与母药相当,并贡献了高达10%的总抗菌活性。
Hepatic. Of the five metabolites that have been identified, 25-O-desacetyl and 31-hydroxy are the most predominant. The former metabolite has an activity equal to the parent drug and contributes up to 10% to the total antimicrobial activity.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
...像利福平一样,利福布汀在多次给药期间会诱导其自身的代谢。利福布汀被广泛代谢。利福布汀的两个主要代谢物有助于其抗菌活性。利福布汀诱导肝脏代谢,但不如利福平的诱导作用强。...
... Like rifampin rifabutin induces its own metabolism during multiple dosing. Rifabutin is extensively metabolized. The two major metabolites of rifabutin contribute to its antimicrobial activity. Rifabutin induces hepatic metabolism but is not as potent an inducer as is rifampin. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
LD50 = 4.8克/千克(小鼠,雄性)
LD50 = 4.8 g/kg (mouse, male)
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
由于其使用范围有限,利福布汀对肝脏的影响不如利福平明确,但它们可能是相似的。因此,在HIV感染患者中使用利福布汀预防MAC的研究中,3%至8%的患者出现了轻微、短暂的血清转氨酶水平升高,但这些异常很少需要调整剂量或停药。临床上明显的利福布汀引起的肝损伤尚未有报道,但它可能和利福平在导致急性肝损伤的潜力上相似。由于利福布汀通常与其他用于治疗HIV感染的药物联合使用,因此在利福布汀包含方案中的患者急性肝损伤的原因可能难以归因于单一药物。通常,利福平引起的损伤发生在1到6周内,损伤开始时血清酶模式通常是肝细胞型,但可以出现胆汁淤积和混合型,与异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺不同。由于利福平肝毒性引起的肝外表现,如发热、皮疹、关节痛、水肿和嗜酸性粒细胞增多是不常见的,自体抗体形成也是罕见的。这种肝毒性的潜力尚未针对利福布汀具体展示,一些被认为是由利福平引起的明显肝毒性的患者,在未复发肝损伤的情况下耐受利福布汀。
Because of its limited use, the effects of rifabutin on the liver have been less well defined than those of rifampin, but they are likely to be similar. Thus, studies on the prevention of MAC in HIV infected patients with rifabutin, minor, transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels occurred in 3% to 8% of patients, but these abnormalities rarely required dose adjustment or discontinuation. Clinically apparent liver injury due to rifabutin has not been reported, but it is likely to be similar to rifampin in its potential for causing acute liver injury. Because rifabutin is usually given in combination with other agents used to treat HIV infection, the cause of the acute liver injury in patients on rifabutin-containing regimens may be difficult to relate to a single agent. Typically, the onset of injury due to rifampin is within 1 to 6 weeks and the serum enzyme pattern is usually hepatocellular at the onset of injury, but can cholestatic and mixed in contrast to isoniazid and pyrazinamide. Extrahepatic manifestations due to rifampin hepatotoxicity such as fever, rash, arthralgias, edema and eosinophilia are uncommon as is autoantibody formation. This potential for hepatotoxicity has not been demonstrated specifically for rifabutin, and some patients with apparent hepatotoxicity attributed to rifampin have tolerated rifabutin without recurrence of liver injury.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 相互作用
利福平与利福布汀在结构上相关;利福平已知能降低许多药物的活动性,包括氨茶碱;香豆素或茚满二酮衍生物抗凝剂;口服降糖药;巴比妥类;系统性β-肾上腺素能阻断剂;氯霉素;氯贝丁酯;含口服雌激素的避孕药;糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素类固醇;环孢素;氨苯砜;地西泮;洋地黄糖苷;双异丙吡胺;雌莫司汀;雌激素;酮康唑;美西律;三己酚;苯妥英;喹尼丁;茶碱;托卡尼丁;口服维拉帕米,这是因为利福平是肝脏细胞色素P450系统的肝酶诱导剂。利福布汀本身缺乏药物相互作用数据;因此,建议在患者同时使用这些药物时对其进行监测,因为可能存在的药物相互作用的重要性尚不清楚。
Rifampin is structurally related to rifabutin; rifampin is known to reduce the activity of many drugs /including aminophylline; coumarin- or indandione-derivative anticoagulants; oral antidiabetic agents; barbiturates; systemic beta-adrenergic blocking agents; chloramphenicol; clofibrate; oral estrogen-containing contraceptive; glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid corticosteriods; cyclosporine; dapsone; diazepam; digitalis glycoside; disopyramide; estramustine; estrogens; ketoconazole; mexiletine; oxtriphylline; phenytoin; qiunidine; theophylline; tocainide; oral verapamil/ due to its hepatic enzyme inducer of the hepatic cytochrome p450 system that rifampin. Drug interaction data are unavailable for rifabutin itself; therefore, it is recommended that patients taking rifabutin concurrently with these medications be monitored since the significance of possible drug interactions is not known.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
使用氟康唑和利福布汀进行的药代动力学研究表明,氟康唑似乎会增加利福布汀的血清浓度;然而,这被认为没有临床意义,利福布汀的剂量在接收氟康唑的患者中不需要调整;此外,氟康唑的药代动力学没有改变。
Pharmacokinetic studies with fluconazole and rifabutin show that fluconazole appears to increase the serum concentration of rifabutin; however, this is not thought to have clinical significance and rifabutin dosing does not need to be modified in patients receiving fluconazole; in addition, the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole were unchanged.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
与利福布汀联合使用对美沙酮的药代动力学没有显著影响;然而,如果出现症状或戒断反应,少数患者可能需要调整美沙酮的剂量。
Concurrent administration with rifabutin has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of methadone; however, a few patients may require methadone dosage modifications if symptoms or narcotic withdrawal occur.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
利福布丁易于从胃肠道吸收,平均绝对生物利用度约为20%。
Rifabutin is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with an absolute bioavailability averaging 20%.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
在一项对三名健康成人志愿者进行的14C-利福布汀质量平衡研究中,发现53%的口服剂量以代谢物形式主要经尿液排泄,大约30%的剂量经粪便排泄。
A mass-balance study in three healthy adult volunteers with 14C-labeled rifabutin showed that 53% of the oral dose was excreted in the urine, primarily as metabolites. About 30% of the dose is excreted in the feces.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
0.69 ± 0.32 升/小时/千克
0.69 +/- 0.32 L/hr/kg
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
容易从胃肠道吸收。高脂肪餐会减慢吸收速率,但不会影响吸收程度。生物利用度大约为20%。
Readily absorbed from gastrointestinal tract. High-fat meals slow the rate, but not the extent, of absorption. Bioavailability is approximately 20%.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
高度亲脂性;广泛分布,具有广泛的细胞内组织摄取。利福布汀能够穿过血脑屏障;脑脊液中的浓度大约是对应血清浓度的50%。
Highly lipophilic; widely distributed with extensive intracellular tissue uptake. Rifabutin crosses the blood-brain barrier; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations are approximately 50% of the corresponding serum concentration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2941903000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    OTH
  • RTECS号:
    VJ6700000

SDS

SDS:c340206a4007c48fdcc715ab0db10590
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制备方法与用途

利福霉素类药物

利福布汀是一种半合成的利福霉素类药物,具有良好的脂溶性,能够广泛地分布于组织和细胞内。它通过有效地抑制细菌DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶来抑制和杀灭细菌。目前,该品已在20多个国家获得专利注册,并先后在欧洲、美国等地区和国家销售,被美、德等国的药典收载。

利福布汀是利福霉素的螺旋哌啶衍生物,对结核杆菌的抑制作用比利福平约强4倍。在治疗肺结核的临床试验中,与单独使用左氧氟沙星相比,左氧氟沙星联合利福布汀治疗肺结核的效果显著,有助于清除结核杆菌、提升患者免疫功能,并且不会造成肝脏损伤,安全性高。Talicia(奥美拉唑镁/阿莫西林/利福布汀)于2019年11月初获得美国FDA批准,用于成人治疗幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染,该药是FDA批准的第一款以抗生素利福布汀为基底的三合一口服胶囊。

适应症

利福布汀适用于与其他抗结核药物联合治疗结核分枝杆菌所致的各种类型的结核病,也可用于非结核分枝杆菌感染的治疗。本品还适用于晚期HIV感染者预防MAC(机会性肺孢子菌肺炎)的播散,并可用于合并HIV患者的抗分枝杆菌感染防治。

化学性质

紫红色结晶性粉末。极易溶于氯仿,溶于甲醇,微溶于乙醇,极微溶于水。UV最大吸收(甲醇):493、315、274、238 nm。

用途

利福布汀是一种抗利福平耐药结核菌株的利福霉素衍生物,所需浓度仅为利福平的1/40,毒性小于利福平。日本将其用于非典型结核菌感染的治疗,并对耐药麻风病也有效。此外,它还可预防艾滋病患者鸟分枝杆菌(MAC)感染。

用途

利福布汀是利福霉素的螺旋哌啶衍生物,对结核杆菌的抑制作用比利福平约强4倍,主要用于分歧杆菌的肺部感染,对利福平耐药的结核杆菌菌株有效。可用于耐药、复治结核病例以及细胞内分歧杆菌感染和艾滋病的治疗。

用途

原料药(抗结核、抗艾滋病毒抗生素)

生产方法

以1,4-二氢利福霉素S为原料,经溴化、亚硝基取代、氢化、氨化,再与N-异丁基哌啶酮反应即可得到利福布汀。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

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文献信息

  • Rifamycin compounds
    申请人:Archifar Industrie Chimiche del Trentino S.p.A.
    公开号:US04086225A1
    公开(公告)日:1978-04-25
    Oxidized rifamycin compounds having high antibiotic activity as obtained by reacting 3-amino-4-deoxo-4-imino-3-rifamycin S or homologous thereof with a ketone.
    通过将3-氨基-4-去氧-4-亚胺-3-利福霉素S或其同源物与酮反应获得的具有高抗生素活性的氧化利福霉素化合物。
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