This invention relates, in part, to newly identified polynucleotides, polypeptides, variants and derivatives thereof; processes for making the polynucleotides and the polypeptides, and their variants and derivatives; and uses of the polynucleotides, polypeptides, variants and derivatives. The invention also relates to compositions of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and pairs of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and orthogonal tRNAs that incorporate fluorinated amino acids into proteins in response to selector codons. The present invention also includes translation biochemistry methods for site-specific incorporation of fluorinated amino acids, for example,
18
F- or
19
F-labelled amino acids, into proteins or peptides. Such amino acids may be used as an NMR probe for characterizing protein structure, dynamics, and reactivity or for radionuclide imaging (e.g., PET). Fluorinated amino acids may also be used to stabilize proteins or peptides.
本发明涉及新鉴定的多核苷酸、
多肽、其变异体和衍
生物;制备该多核苷酸和
多肽及其变异体和衍
生物的方法;以及该多核苷酸、
多肽、其变异体和衍
生物的用途。本发明还涉及正交
氨酰-tRNA合成酶的组合物,以及正交
氨酰-tRNA合成酶对和正交tRNA,它们能够响应选择子密码子将
氟化
氨基酸合成到蛋白质中。本发明还包括用于位点特异性合成
氟化
氨基酸的翻译
生物化学方法,例如18F-或19F标记的
氨基酸,合成到蛋白质或肽中。这样的
氨基酸可用作NMR探针,用于表征蛋白质结构、动力学和反应性,或用于放射性核素成像(例如PET)。
氟化
氨基酸还可以用于稳定蛋白质或肽。