Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acids as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/δ agonists
摘要:
A series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acid analogs has been discovered as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Structure-activity relationship study indicated that PPAR alpha/gamma/delta activities were dependent on the nature of the hydrophobic group, the attachment position of the alkoxy linker to the indole ring, and N-alkylation of indole nitrogen. Some compounds presented significant PPAR gamma/delta activity and molecular modeling suggested their putative binding modes in the ligand binding domain of PPAR gamma. Of these, compound 51 was selected for in vivo study via an evaluation of microsomal stability in mouse and human liver. Compound 51 lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c without gain in body weight in db/db mice. When compound 51 was treated, hepatic triglycerides level and the size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue of db/db mice were also reduced as opposed to treatment with rosiglitazone. Taken together, compound 51 shows high potential warranting further studies in models for diabetes and related metabolic disorders and may be in use as a chemical tool for the understanding of PPAR biology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aminodesoxy-1.4;3.6-dianhydrohexitol nitrates and pharmaceutical
申请人:Firma Willmar Schwabe
公开号:US04363805A1
公开(公告)日:1982-12-14
Aminodesoxy-1.4;3.6-dianhydrohexitol nitrates of the general formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 possess the meanings given in claim 1, as well as their pharmacologically acceptable acid-addition salts; processes for the preparation of said compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of said compounds.
Novel quaternary imidazolium salts substituted on one nitrogen of the imidazolium cation with a ##EQU1## group in which each A is an aryl radical and B is an aliphatic, aryl-substituted aliphatic or aromatic radical, said salts being useful as antimicrobial agents.