Ti-Catalyzed Reformatsky-Type Coupling between α-Halo Ketones and Aldehydes
作者:Rosa E. Estévez、Miguel Paradas、Alba Millán、Tania Jiménez、Rafael Robles、Juan M. Cuerva、J. Enrique Oltra
DOI:10.1021/jo702189k
日期:2008.2.1
We describe the first Ti-catalyzed Reformatsky-type coupling between α-halo ketones and aldehydes. The reaction affords β-hydroxy ketones under mild, neutral conditions compatible with ketones and other electrophiles. The catalytic cycle possibly proceeds via bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium enolates.
Nonacidic and Highly Chemoselective Protection of the Carbonyl Function. 3-Methylbenzothiazolines as a Base- and Acid-Resistant Protected Form for the Carbonyl Groups
groups by conversion into 3-methylbenzothiazoline derivatives with o-(methylamino)benzenethiol was described. With this method, 3-methylbenzothiazolines were conveniently obtained in excellent yields from various aldehydes and ketones. This method allows efficient protection and deprotection under mild and neutral conditions and affords protection of the carbonyl group against both basic and acidic conditions
A microfluidic system was applied to aldol reaction in aqueous biphasic medium. Advantageous aspects of microfluidic conditions, that is, efficient mixing, fast heat transfer, and residence time control led to the high-yielding reaction of acetone enolate with even of-proton-containing aldehydes in biphasic aqueous-acetone system, by minimizing the formation of self-condensation products. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Most Infectious Complications in Parenterally Fed Trauma Patients Are Not Due to Elevated Blood Glucose Levels
作者:Kenneth A. Kudsk、Anne Laulederkind、M. Keith Hanna
DOI:10.1177/0148607101025004174
日期:2001.7
Objective: To determine the relationship between hyperglycemia and infectious complications in nutritional studies of trauma patients. Methods: Retrospective review of serum glucose values in two published randomized, prospective studies of patients receiving either enteral or parenteral feeding (trial 1) or isonitrogenous, isocaloric enteral diets (trial 2). Trial 2 also included patients prospectively followed who received little or no enteral feeding. Results: Patients randomized to enteral or parenteral feeding in trial 1 exhibited no significant differences in the highest recorded serum glucose (SG) until the fourth or fifth day after protocol entry. SG tended to be higher in infected than noninfected patients in the first 4 hospital days, but SG was far below values considered to increase the risk for infection (SG > 220 mg/dL). In trial 2, glucose levels tended to be slightly higher in infected than in noninfected patients within the first 5 days reaching statistical significance by day 5. Unfed control patients had similar SG values but significantly more major infectious complications. Conclusions: Patients developing infections had slightly higher SG levels than noninfected patients early in admission, but these SG values were far below levels considered a risk for infective complications. Significant hyperglycemia does not explain differences in infectious complications in critically ill trauma patients randomized to various routes and types of nutrition. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 25:174–179, 2001)
CHIKASHITA, HIDENORI;KOMAZAWA, SHUN-ICHIRO;ISHIMOTO, NISHIKI;INOUE, KOJI;+, BULL. CHEM. SOC. JAP., 62,(1989) N, C. 1215-1225