Preparation of N-substituted phthalimides by the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and coupling of o-dihalo aromatics and primary amines
摘要:
A novel method for the formation of N-substituted phthalimides is described which is based on the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and coupling of o-dihalo aromatics and primary amines. Optimal conditions established for the reaction using o-diiodobenzene and aniline were DMAc (0.2 M), 115-degrees-C, 90 psi of CO, 3% PdCl2L2, and 2.4 equiv of DBU. This process is tolerant of a wide variety of functional groups and gives good yields of the desired products. Variables such as temperature, catalyst type and loading, CO pressure, solvent, and base were examined to optimize this reaction. The reaction of aniline with 1,2-dibromocyclopentene under similar conditions gave a variety of products.
The unprecedented transformation of a wide range of synthetically appealing phthalimides into amides in a single-step operation has been achieved in high yields and short reaction times using a ruthenium catalyst. Mechanistic studies revealed a unique, homogeneous pathway involving five-membered ring opening and CO2 release with water being the source of protons.
Cuprous Oxide Catalyzed Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage for CN Bond Formation: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Ketones and Amines
作者:Min Wang、Jianmin Lu、Jiping Ma、Zhe Zhang、Feng Wang
DOI:10.1002/anie.201508071
日期:2015.11.16
cleavage of a CCbond offers a straightforward method to functionalize organic skeletons. Reported herein is the oxidative CCbond cleavage of ketone for CN bondformation over a cuprous oxide catalyst with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A wide range of ketones and amines are converted into cyclic imides with moderate to excellent yields. In‐depth studies show that both α‐CH and β‐CH bonds adjacent
Synthesis of imides <i>via</i> palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling of aryl halides, isocyanides and carboxylic acids
作者:Bo Wang、Dan He、Beige Ren、Tuanli Yao
DOI:10.1039/c9cc08438j
日期:——
A palladium-catalyzed three-component synthesis of acyclic imides from feedstock arylhalides, carboxylic acids and isocyanides through the intermediacy of isoimides has been developed. The key to the success of this approach was controlled isocyanide slow addition and organic/aqueous biphasic conditions. This transition-metal-catalyzed approach features readily available starting materials, atom-
A Rhodium-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization: Direct Synthesis of<i>N</i>-Substituted Phthalimides from Isocyanates and Benzoic Acids
作者:Xian-Ying Shi、Andrea Renzetti、Soumen Kundu、Chao-Jun Li
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201300834
日期:2014.3.10
A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed amidation between benzoicacids and isocyanates via direct functionalization of an ortho CH bond followed by intramolecular cyclization is described. This cascadecyclization affords N‐substituted phthalimides in one step in 26–91% yields. The reaction is highly atom‐economical, since no theoretical waste except for water is generated in the reaction.
and practical electrochemical method for selective reduction of cyclicimides has been developed using a simple undivided cell with carbon electrodes at room temperature. The reaction provides a useful strategy for the rapid synthesis of hydroxylactams and lactams in a controllable manner, which is tuned by electric current and reaction time, and exhibits broad substrate scope and high functional group