识别和使用:1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮聚合物,碘复合物(聚维酮碘)是一种淡黄棕色的无定形吸湿性粉末。聚维酮碘是一种碘载体,主要用于消毒和防腐,主要用于治疗污染的伤口和手术前皮肤和粘膜的准备,也用于设备的消毒。人类暴露和毒性:在对413名接触性皮炎患者进行的贴片测试中,有1人对聚维酮碘过敏。在一例双手背部一度和二度烧伤使用聚维酮碘治疗的第二周,出现了可逆性甲状腺功能亢进;延迟碘排泄可能涉及其中。另一份病例报告显示,一名二度烧伤的患者在使用聚维酮碘外用治疗后出现了严重的钠过多和酸中毒。此外,在新生儿局部应用聚维酮碘软膏于手术伤口后,还描述了甲状腺功能减退症。烧伤是聚维酮碘使用的罕见但潜在的严重并发症。急性肾衰竭是聚维酮碘管理的可能副作用,尤其是通过粘膜表面。此外,即使是稀释的聚维酮碘溶液对人类成纤维细胞也有毒性。临床上使用的浓度(0.1%至20%)对中性粒细胞和单核细胞有毒。聚维酮碘对SH-SY5Y(神经)和RSC96(施万)细胞具有细胞毒性。动物研究:聚维酮碘制剂在豚鼠中具有耳毒性。当聚维酮碘直接放置在前眼房中时,兔子的角膜出现水肿。在雌性大鼠的膀胱内灌注时,尿路上皮受到损伤。尚未在动物中进行长期研究,以评估聚维酮碘的致癌或致突变潜力。一份关于聚维酮碘致突变潜力的报告表明,它在 Ames S. typhimurium模型的修改中呈阳性,但这些结果无法被另一研究人员复制。另一项使用小鼠淋巴瘤和Balb/3T3细胞进行的测试显示,聚维酮碘没有显著的致突变或转化能力。其他数据表明,根据显性致死试验、微核试验和染色体分析,它不会在小鼠或仓鼠中产生致突变效应。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymers, iodine complex (povidone-iodine) is a yellowish-brown amorphous hygroscopic powder. Povidone-iodine is an iodophore that is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic mainly for the treatment of contaminated wounds and pre-operative preparation of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as for disinfection of equipment. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: From patch tests carried out in 413 patients with contact dermatoses, 1 was found to be allergic to povidone-iodine. Reversible hyperthyroidism has been reported during the second week of treatment of first- and second-degree burns to the dorsa of both hands with povidone-iodine; delayed iodine excretion might have been involved. In another case report severe hypernatremia and acidosis occurred in a patient with second-degree burns who was treated topically with povidone-iodine. In addition, hypothyroidism in a neonate following topical administration to a surgical wound of a providone-iodine ointment has been described. Burns are a rare but potentially serious complication of povidone-iodine use. Acute renal failure secondary to povidone iodine administration is possible, especially through mucosal surfaces. In addition, even dilute solutions of povidone-iodine are toxic to human fibroblasts. The concentrations used clinically (0.1 to 20%) are toxic for granulocytes and monocytes. Povidone-iodine was cytotoxic to SH-SY5Y (neuronal) and RSC96 (Schwann) cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Povidone-Iodine preparation was ototoxic in guinea pigs. Corneal edema developed in rabbits when povidone-iodine was placed directly in the anterior eye chamber. Injury to the urothelium occurred from intravesical instillation in female rats. No long-term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic or mutagenic potential of povidone-iodine. One report of the mutagenic potential of povidone-iodine indicated that it was positive in a modification of the Ames S. typhimurium model, but these results could not be reproduced by another researcher. Another test using mouse lymphoma and Balb/3T3 cells showed that povidone-iodine has no significant mutagenic or transformation capabilities. Other data indicated that it does not produce mutagenic effects in mice or hamsters according to the dominant lethal test, micronucleus test, and chromosome analysis.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:The use of povidone-iodine in the mother near term and during breastfeeding increases breastmilk iodine levels and can cause transient hypothyroidism in breastfed infants, especially in geographic areas that are iodine deficient. Maternal exposure to povidone-iodine near term can sometimes interfere with thyroid studies done as a part of newborn screening tests. Although iodine from povidone-iodine is minimally absorbed through intact adult skin, exposure of mothers who are or will be breastfeeding to povidone-iodine should be minimized by using lower concentrations of povidone-iodine, applying it to the smallest possible surface areas of the body, shortening contact time, and avoiding repeated applications. If povidone iodine is removed from the abdomen with alcohol within several minutes after its application for cesarean section delivery, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted in breastmilk, but may not affect neonatal urinary iodine, TSH or FT4 during the perinatal period. Iodine absorption can be extensive with vaginal use; avoid douching with povidone iodine or use of iodine-containing tampons during breastfeeding.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:In a study in Belgium, breastfed infants had thyroid function tests measured at 5 days of age. Both basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated thyrotropin (TSH) levels were higher in infants exposed to the breastmilk from mothers who received topical povidone-iodine during delivery. Serum thyroxine (T4) and liothyronine (T3) levels were normal in all groups.
A woman began bathing almost daily with povidone-iodine (1% iodine) and applying povidone-iodine 1% ointment to her skin daily during pregnancy and for 6 weeks postpartum for furunculosis. At 6 weeks of age, her breastfed (extent not stated) infant had a low serum thyroxine level of 4 ng/L (normal 7 to 20 ng/L), a greatly elevated serum thyrotropin level of 99 units/L (normal 0.8 to 5 units/L). The infant was treated with oral levothyroxine until the age of 7 months at which time thyroid function tests and development were normal.
A woman began using povidone-iodine as a vaginal douche twice daily after delivery. Her breastfed infant developed hypothyroidism (low serum thyroxine and high thyrotropin) over the first 3 weeks of life. After oral levothyroxine supplementation of the infant was begun and maternal povidone-iodine was discontinued, the infant's thyroid function tests normalized within a week.
A group of investigators in Belgium reviewed the results of infant thyrotropin levels on day 5 postpartum in 4745 newborn infants delivered over a 2-year period at their hospital. Infants were divided among those whose mothers had iodine overload (n = 3086) from topical povidone-iodine 10% solution during labor and delivery and those whose mothers had no iodine overload (n = 1659). Mothers had povidone-iodine applied either as a single application to 900 square cm for epidural anesthesia or 3 applications to the entire abdominal wall for cesarean section. Breastfed infants whose mothers had iodine overload had a greater risk for having elevated thyrotropin levels and requiring recall for retesting (3.2% with cesarean section and 2.7% with epidural anesthesia) compared to those who did not (0.1%). Bottle-fed infants were affected much less than breastfed infants. After replacing povidone-iodine with chlorhexidine 0.5% in 70% isopropanol for disinfection for 6 months, 1178 infants that were delivered at this institution had no increased rate of elevations in thyroid function tests and a reduced rate of recalls in breastfed infants.
In a study of mothers in Spain who received 10% povidone-iodine (n = 21) or chlorhexidine (n = 13) topically to the perineum starting immediately before the final stage of labor and daily postpartum to the episiotomy, no differences in thyrotropin, thyroxine or free thyroxine was found among their breastfed infants at day 5 to 7 postpartum.
A breastfed infant whose mother was using povidone-iodine as a douche during pregnancy and during the first few weeks after delivery had symptoms of sinus tachycardia and increased concentrations of blood total and free thyroxine at 10 days of age and elevated thyrotropin at 1 month of age. The povidone-iodine was discontinued and the infant's total thyroxine normalized by 1 month of age, free thyroxine normalized by 1.5 months of age and the thyrotropin level normalized by 2.5 months of age. No other explanation for the thyroid function abnormalities could be found except maternal povidone-iodine use, but blood and milk iodine levels were not measured. Povidone-iodine was the probable cause of the adverse reaction in the infant.
A study in Japan randomized 80 consecutive term patients into 4 groups who received either povidone-iodine or benzalkonium chloride as a skin disinfectant before delivery and one of these for postpartum vaginal lacerations. Prepartum doses were about 7 mL and postpartum doses were about 0.5 mL of solution. Infant thyrotropin levels were elevated in the infants whose mothers received topical povidone-iodine pre- and postpartum compared to infants whose mothers received no povidone-iodine. After discontinuing the use of peripartum povidone-iodine, the rate of recall of infants for abnormal thyroid function tests dropped from 4.47% to 0.74%.
In Switzerland, a girl born at 29 weeks of gestation with adequate size for gestational age showed negative TSH screening on day 5. Her mother had developed an abscess of the abdominal wall 1 week after her cesarian section and was treated with povidone-iodine tampons. The baby's TSH was elevated to 23 milliunits/L on day 23, and 288 milliunits/L on day 29. Free thyroxine (T4) levels were decreased to 2.8 ng/L and free liothyronine (T3) with 1.52 ng/L, without signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism. Iodine contents of maternal milk and of infant urine were 4.4 mg/L and 3.9 mg/L, respectively. Treatment with levothyroxine was started, breastfeeding was discontinued and disinfection with povidone-iodine was stopped. The infant's thyroid function tests normalized after 6 days. The infant's abnormal thyroid function tests were probably caused by maternal iodine use.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
The effect of ethyl alcohol, glycerin, sodium lauryl sulfate, benzalkonium chloride (I) and polysorbate 80, on iodine release from povidone-iodine formulations, was studied in vitro and in rats. Ethyl alcohol and I increased the absorption of iodine 24 h after oral doses. In vitro results on iodine release were variable, with I producing the greatest effect. Possible interferences with laboratory tests were noted. Liver, blood and thyroid levels in rats were reported.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Iodine and related compounds/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Iodine and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
吸收
聚维酮碘是用于局部应用的,不会被吸收。
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
聚维酮碘是用于局部应用的,不会被消除。
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
碘伏适用于局部应用,没有分布容积。
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and has no volume of distribution.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
清除
碘伏适用于局部涂抹,不会被消除。
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Topical application of povidone iodine on the umbilical cord and normal intact skin of newborn infants resulted in significantly elevated plasma iodine levels. High iodine levels were also found in two neonates who had povidone iodine applied to denuded skin. No significant alteration in thyroid function was seen. The possible toxic manifestations of high plasma iodine levels are discussed.
AQUEOUS COMPOSITION BASED ON POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIALKYL ETHERS (POM) AND THEIR USE FOR THE PRESERVATION AND/OR EMBALMING OF THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY
申请人:ARKEMA FRANCE
公开号:US20200305414A1
公开(公告)日:2020-10-01
The invention relates to a composition comprising:
a) a mixture of polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers (POM) having a restricted specific molecular distribution
b) at least one biocidal agent
c) at least one pro-penetrating agent
d) at least one dye
e) optionally, another additive
and water as diluent.
It also relates to a non-therapeutic method of preserving and/or embalming a dead human or animal body using the composition, such as the use of this composition for anatomopathological purposes.
COMPOSITION AQUEUSE A BASE DE POLYOXYMETHYLENES DIALKYL ETHERS (POM) ET SON UTILISATION POUR LA CONSERVATION ET/OU L'EMBAUMEMENT DU CORPS HUMAIN OU ANIMAL
申请人:ARKEMA FRANCE
公开号:EP3714691A1
公开(公告)日:2020-09-30
L'invention concerne un mélange de polyoxyméthylène dialkyl éthers (POM) ayant une distribution moléculaire spécifique restreinte ainsi que son procédé de préparation.
L'invention concerne également une composition comprenant :
a) un mélange de polyoxyméthylène dialkyl éthers (POM) ayant une distribution moléculaire spécifique restreinte
b) au moins un agent biocide
c) au moins un agent pro-pénétrant
d) au moins un colorant
e) en option, un autre additif
et de l'eau comme diluant.
Elle concerne également un procédé non thérapeutique de conservation et/ou d'embaumement d'un corps humain ou animal mort en utilisant ladite composition, comme l'utilisation de cette composition pour des besoins d'anatomopathologie.
本发明涉及一种特定分子分布受限的聚甲醛二烷基醚(POM)混合物及其制备工艺。
本发明还涉及一种包含以下成分的组合物:
a) 具有受限特定分子分布的聚氧亚甲基二烷基醚(POM)混合物
b) 至少一种杀菌剂
c) 至少一种促渗透剂
d) 至少一种着色剂
e) 可选的另一种添加剂
以及作为稀释剂的水。
它还涉及使用上述组合物保存和/或防腐人或动物尸体的非治疗方法,例如将该组合物用于解剖病理学目的。
Hand sanitizer holster
申请人:Russo Paula
公开号:US10653232B1
公开(公告)日:2020-05-19
The hand sanitizer holster is a garment. The hand sanitizer holster comprises a belt, a fastening structure, and a plurality of primary holsters. The fastening structure secures the belt to a healthcare worker. The plurality of primary holsters attach to the belt. Each of the plurality of primary holsters contains a chemical container filled with a sanitizer. The sanitizer is an anti-microbial chemical used for cleaning the hands of the healthcare worker. Each holster contained within the plurality of primary holsters is configured such that the sanitizer dispenses from the chemical container without removing the chemical container from the holster. In a second potential embodiment of the disclosure, the hand sanitizer holster further comprises a shoulder harness. The shoulder harness further comprises one or more straps and one or more secondary holsters.
The sanitary wipe glove is a pre-moistened wipe. The sanitary wipe glove is configured for use with a patient. The sanitary wipe glove is worn on the patient. The patient uses the sanitary wipe glove for personal cleansing and hygiene. The sanitary wipe glove comprises a glove, an elastic band, and a cleansing agent. The elastic band attaches to the glove. The cleansing agent is a liquid phase solution that is absorbed into the glove. The glove is worn on the hand of the patient.