The synthesis and surfactant behaviour of two series of sulfosuccinic diesters, AOT-related compounds, are described [Aerosol-OT 1: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate]. The first family contains unsaturated, racemic or enantiopure, 2-ethylhex(en)yl chains with various positions of the double bond. These compounds are readily prepared from the corresponding unsaturated alcohol by the standard two-step procedure; their critical micelle concentrations are higher than those of normal AOT and depend on the position of the double bond. The second series consists of nonsymmetric homologues with two different substituents: various unsymmetrical sulfosuccinic diesters with two enantiopure saturated or unsaturated chains of opposite configuration, or with two different substituents like methyl and 2-ethylhexyl, hydrogenated and deuterated chains as well as saturated and unsaturated chains are described. These unsymmetrical sulfosuccinic diesters are readily obtained in a three-step synthetic procedure involving the regiospecific sulfonation of maleic monoester in aqueous medium. The structure of the sodium 4-alkyl-2-sulfosuccinic acid key intermediate is unambiguously resolved by NMR comparative analysis of the hydrogenated and deuterated derivatives. The surfactant behaviour of some unsymmetrical compounds is studied.
描述了两类
磺基琥珀酸二酯的合成和表面活性剂行为,这些化合物与AOT相关【Aerosol-OT 1:双(2-乙基己基)
磺基琥珀酸盐】。第一类包含不饱和的、外消旋或对映纯的2-乙基己(烯)基链,双键的位置各不相同。这些化合物可以通过标准的两步法从相应的不饱和醇中容易地制备而成;它们的临界微胞浓度高于常规AOT,并且取决于双键的位置。第二类由两种不同取代基的非对称同系物组成:描述了带有两条对映纯饱和或不饱和链的各种不对称
磺基琥珀酸二酯,具有相反构型,或带有两种不同取代基如甲基和2-乙基己基,氢化和
氘化链以及饱和和不饱和链。这些不对称
磺基琥珀酸二酯可以通过一种三步合成程序轻松获得,该程序涉及在
水相中对
马来酸单酯的区域特异性磺化。通过氢化和
氘化衍
生物的NMR比较分析,明确解析了钠盐4-烷基-2-
磺基琥珀酸的关键中间体的结构。对一些不对称化合物的表面活性剂行为进行了研究。