The invention provides new methods for the direct umpolung self-condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by organocatalysis, thereby upgrading the readily available substrate into 5,5'-di(hydroxymethyl) furoin (DHMF). While many efficient catalyst systems have been developed for conversion of plant biomass resources into HMF, the invention now provides methods to convert such nonfood biomass directly into DHMF by a simple process as described herein. The invention also provides highly effective new methods for upgrading other biomass furaldehydes and related compound to liquid fuels. The methods include the organocatalytic self-condensation (umpolung) of biomass furaldehydes into (C8-C12)furoin intermediates, followed by hydrogenation, etherification or esterification into oxygenated biodiesel, or hydrodeoxygenation by metal-acid tandem catalysis into premium hydrocarbon fuels.
该发明提供了一种新的方法,通过有机催化实现
5-羟甲基糠醛(
HMF)的直接反极化自缩合,从而将易得的底物升级为5,5'-二(羟甲基)
呋喃(D
HMF)。尽管已经开发了许多高效的催化剂系统将植物
生物质资源转化为
HMF,但该发明现在提供了将这种非食用
生物质直接转化为D
HMF的方法,通过如下所述的简单过程。该发明还提供了一种高效的新方法,用于将其他
生物质
呋喃醛和相关化合物升级为液体燃料。这些方法包括有机催化的
生物质
呋喃醛自缩合(反极化)成为(C8-C12)
呋喃中间体,随后通过加氢、醚化或酯化制备含氧
生物柴油,或通过
金属酸串联催化的脱氧制备高级烃燃料。