Sweetrex | 37370-41-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氧化合物
• 英文名称: Sweetrex
• 英文别名: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;(3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
• CAS: 37370-41-5
• 化学式: C12H24O12
• 分子量: 360.31
• InChiKey: PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N

物化性质

• 密度：
  1.00211 (WT %= 1; VACUUM)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -6.76
• 重原子数：
  24
• 可旋转键数：
  10
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.83
• 拓扑面积：
  236
• 氢给体数：
  10
• 氢受体数：
  12

ADMET

代谢

果糖和葡萄糖甜味剂（如转化糖）的代谢在实质上没有差异。一旦被吸收，果糖单糖被肝脏摄取并在糖酵解的关键调控步骤中绕过了。两种单糖的初级代谢都以其通过葡萄糖激酶或果糖激酶磷酸化成葡萄糖-6-磷酸或果糖-1-磷酸为标志。在此步骤之后，糖酵解继续其路径，直到产生丙酮酸。果糖的代谢速度比葡萄糖的代谢速度快，因此，可以以与相当于转化糖剂量的55%的葡萄糖剂量相同的速度进行给药。

The metabolism of invert sugar and other fructose-glucose sweeteners is not meaningfully different. Once absorbed, the fructose monosaccharides are taken up by the liver and bypass a key step regulatory step in glycolysis. Both of the monosaccharides first step metabolism is marked by its phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase or fructose-1-phosphate by fructokinase. After this step, the glycolysis continues its pathway until the obtention of pyruvic acid. The metabolism of fructose is more rapid than the one of glucose and thus, it is possible to administer at the same speed than a glucose dose correspondent to 55% of the invert sugar dose.

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

SC管理员不理想，因为溶液会刺激...导致细胞外水分和电解质的流失，可能会使组织膨胀并导致坏死。...流失...可能导致无尿和少尿，因为循环衰竭.../在那些有/电解质和水失衡的人中。/葡萄糖/

SC ADMIN IS NOT DESIRABLE BECAUSE SOLN ARE IRRITATING...CAUSE LEACHING OF EXTRACELLULAR WATER & ELECTROLYTES, & MAY DISTEND TISSUE & LEAD TO NECROSIS. ...LEACHING...MAY RESULT IN ANURIA & OLIGURIA BECAUSE OF CIRCULATORY FAILURE.../IN THOSE WITH/ ELECTROLYTE & WATER IMBALANCE. /DEXTROSE/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

据报道，静脉注射10-15%的反转糖溶液在肠道中被迅速吸收并在血液中分布，而不会超过肾阈值。反转糖的吸收主要是以单糖形式进行的。葡萄糖通过转运蛋白GLUT2被吸收进入门静脉，而果糖则通过转运蛋白GLUT5被吸收。

It has been reported that administration of 10-15% of intravenous invert sugar solution is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and distributed in blood without exceeding the renal threshold. The absorption of invert sugar happens mainly as monosaccharides. Glucose is absorbed into the portal vein by the transporter GLUT2 while fructose is absorbed by the transporter GLUT5.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

报告指出，与静脉注射葡萄糖相比，静脉注射转化糖后尿液中的碳水化合物含量降低。这种反应表明转化糖的利尿作用减少。还有报道称，在转化糖利尿作用存在的情况下，利尿作用也减少了。

Reports have indicated that after intravenous administration of invert sugar present a reduced content or carbohydrates in urine when compared to the intravenous administration of glucose. This response indicates a reduced diuresis of invert sugar. It has also been reported a reduced diuresis in the presence of invert diuresis.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

当1升10%的转化糖溶液在1小时内输注时，少于2%的糖通过尿液排出。当在更长的时间内给予转化糖时，转化糖被完全利用，没有糖通过尿液排出。

LESS THAN 2% OF SUGAR IS EXCRETED IN URINE WHEN 1 L OF 10% INVERT SUGAR SOLN IS INFUSED IN 1 HR. WHEN GIVEN OVER A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME INVERT SUGAR IS COMPLETELY UTILIZED AND NONE IS EXCRETED IN URINE.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  葡萄糖 在 CHO 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 394461.25h， 以a glucose+fructose gel (GLU/FRC) to provide CHO at a rate of 1.4 g/min with ad libitum water intake every 3.2 km的产率得到Sweetrex
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Carbohydrate gel

  摘要：

  本发明通常涉及营养领域，特别是性能营养领域。具体而言，本发明涉及一种新型碳水化合物凝胶，其包含葡萄糖和果糖，比例在3:1到1:1的范围内。本发明的碳水化合物凝胶可用于治疗或预防肠道问题，同时可以增强血糖维持和/或增加外源碳水化合物氧化。

  公开号：

  US08937049B2

文献信息

• ACYL-HYDRAZONE AND OXADIAZOLE COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME AND USES THEREOF
  申请人：Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

  公开号：US20150191445A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-07-09

  The present invention relates to acyl-hydrazone compounds, in particular 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-hydrazide derivatives, as well as the oxadiazole analogs thereof and other similar compounds, and to the pharmaceutical use of the same for the treatment of various diseases associated with cell proliferation, such as leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), tumours and inflammation. Acyl-hydrazones have been obtained having activity similar to that of the compound used as a standard in experiments (colchicine). The greater selectivity of the compounds according to the invention is an important feature, associated with fewer side effects than the pharmaceuticals used at present in clinical treatments. The synthetised acyl-hydrazones, more particularly the compounds 02 and 07, exhibited important antileukemic activity, which suggests 02 and 07 as candidates to pharmaceutical prototypes, or to pharmaceuticals for the treatment of leukemias, in particular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), tumours and other proliferative diseases, such as inflammation. The action mechanism of the most active compounds was determined by using DNA microarrays and subsequent tests indicated by the chip, besides selectivity studies in healthy human lymphocytes.

  本发明涉及酰基腙化合物，特别是3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基腙衍生物，以及其噁二唑类似物和其他类似化合物，以及它们在治疗与细胞增殖相关的各种疾病，如白血病（包括急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL））、肿瘤和炎症方面的药用。已获得具有与实验中使用的化合物（秋水仙碱）相似活性的酰基腙。根据本发明的化合物具有更大的选择性，与目前在临床治疗中使用的药物相比，副作用更少是一个重要特征。合成的酰基腙，尤其是化合物02和07，表现出重要的抗白血病活性，这表明02和07可能成为药物原型的候选，或用于治疗白血病，特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、肿瘤和其他增殖性疾病，如炎症的药物。最活性化合物的作用机制是通过使用DNA微阵列确定的，并且通过芯片指示的后续测试，以及对健康人类淋巴细胞的选择性研究。
• [EN] THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING SAME<br/>[FR] AGENTS THÉRAPEUTIQUES ET LEUR PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION
  申请人：GLYCAN BIOSCIENCES LLC

  公开号：WO2018068090A1

  公开（公告）日：2018-04-19

  The present invention relates generally to the field of glycanics and its application to the generation of glycoconjugates for therapeutic use. The present invention also relates to process for the preparation of glycoconjugates.

  本发明总体涉及糖工程领域及其在生成用于治疗用途的糖缀合物中的应用。本发明还涉及制备糖缀合物的方法。
• Compositions for potentiating glutatthione
  申请人：Chiba Tomohiro

  公开号：US20060257351A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-11-16

  A composition for potentiating glutathione, which contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol or a glycoside thereof, a plant containing 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol or a glycoside thereof, an extract of said plant, a hydrolysate of said plant, and a hydrolysate of the extract of said plant (excluding Olea europaea and an extract thereof), and which further contains at least one member selected from among an S-containing compound that is a supply source of cysteine, a protein that contains cysteine and/or cystine, a yeast that contains cysteine and/or cystine, and a vitamin.

  一种用于增强谷胱甘肽作用的组合物，包含至少从以下组合中选择的一种成员：2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙醇或其糖苷，含有2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙醇或其糖苷的植物，该植物的提取物，该植物的水解产物，以及该植物提取物的水解产物（不包括欧洲橄榄和其提取物），并且进一步包含至少从以下成员中选择的一种：供应半胱氨酸的含硫化合物，含有半胱氨酸和/或半胱氨酸的蛋白质，含有半胱氨酸和/或半胱氨酸的酵母，以及维生素。
• METHOD PRODUCING FOR 5-HYDROXYMETHYL-2-FURFURAL WITH SUPPRESSED BY-PRODUCT FORMATION
  申请人：Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US20200399237A1

  公开（公告）日：2020-12-24

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) with suppressed production of byproducts. The present invention provides a method for producing 5-HMF, comprising the step of performing a dehydration reaction of a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar or a derivative thereof to produce 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, wherein the dehydration reaction is performed in the presence of activated carbon. The present invention also provides a method for producing a carbohydrate composition comprising 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, comprising the step of heating a carbohydrate composition comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of a carbohydrate comprising a hexose as a constituent sugar and a derivative thereof, in the presence of an acid catalyst and activated carbon at a temperature of 90 to 400° C.

  本发明的一个目的是提供一种生产5-羟甲基-2-呋喃醛（5-HMF）的方法，通过抑制副产物的产生。本发明提供了一种生产5-HMF的方法，包括在存在活性炭的情况下进行脱水反应的步骤，脱水反应是通过对含有己糖作为构成糖或其衍生物的碳水化合物进行脱水反应来产生5-羟甲基-2-呋喃醛的。本发明还提供了一种生产含有5-羟甲基-2-呋喃醛的碳水化合物组合物的方法，包括在存在酸催化剂和活性炭的情况下，将含有己糖作为构成糖或其衍生物的碳水化合物组合物加热至90至400摄氏度的温度。
• [EN] PROCESS TO PREPARE LEVULINIC ACID<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION D'ACIDE LÉVULINIQUE
  申请人：SEGETIS INC

  公开号：WO2013078391A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-05-30

  The invention describes processes to prepare levulinic acid, formic acid and/or hydroxymethyl furfural from various biomass materials.

  这项发明描述了从各种生物质材料中制备γ-戊内酸、甲酸和/或羟甲基糠醛的过程。