Unconventional Knoevenagel-type indoles: Synthesis and cell-based studies for the identification of pro-apoptotic agents
作者:Andrea Spallarossa、Chiara Caneva、Matteo Caviglia、Silvana Alfei、Stefania Butini、Giuseppe Campiani、Sandra Gemma、Margherita Brindisi、Daniela M. Zisterer、Sandra A. Bright、Clive D. Williams、Emmanuele Crespan、Giovanni Maga、Giuseppina Sanna、Ilenia Delogu、Gabriella Collu、Roberta Loddo
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.009
日期:2015.9
A new series of indole-based analogues were recently identified as potential anticancer agents. The Knoevenagel-type indoles herein presented were prepared via a one-pot condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents and were isolated as single geometric isomers. Biological evaluation in different cell-based assays revealed an antiproliferative activity for some analogues already in the nanomolar range against leukaemia, breast. and renal cancer cell lines. To explain these effects, the most promising analogues of the series were engaged in further cell-based studies. Compounds 5e, I, p and 6a, b highlighted a pro-apoptotic potential being able to induce apoptosis in HL60, K562 and MCF-7 cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner. The ability of these compounds to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase inspired the immunofluorescence studies which allowed us to identify tubulin as a potential target for compounds 5l and 6b. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Unconventional stereoselective one-pot synthesis of Knoevenagel-type indoles via in situ condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents
Knoevenagel-type indoles is described. The method is based on the in situ reaction of indole iminiumsalts (four of them are fully characterized) with acyclic symmetrical and unsymmetrical active methylene reagents in the presence of triethylamine. In general, the overall yields are moderate to good. Some of relevant reaction parameters and steric effects affecting stereoselectivity are discussed.