Tandem cyclization-cycloaddition reaction of rhodium carbenoids. Studies dealing with the geometric requirements of dipole formation
摘要:
The carbenoid intermediate derived by the treatment of several 1-diazobutanediones with rhodium(II) acetate undergoes ready transannular cyclization onto the neighboring keto group to give five-membered ring carbonyl ylides. The dipole derived from ethyl 4-diazo-2-methyl-3-oxobutyrate was found to undergo a rapid proton transfer, producing 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-3-(2H)-furanone. When the position adjacent to the diazo carbonyl group is blocked with two substituent groups, however, smooth 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition occurs. The observed regioselectivity can be nicely accommodated in terms of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory. A type II FMO interaction is involved since carbonyl ylides possess one of the smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of common 1,3-dipoles. The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1-diazo-6-phenyl-2,6-hexanedione afforded a mixture of products. In addition to the expected cycloadduct, a product derived from the bimolecular addition of the rhodium carbenoid to benzene was obtained. The formation of a mixture of products in this case suggests that entropic factors have sufficiently retarded the rate of intramolecular cyclization so as to allow the bimolecular reaction with benzene to occur. No observable cycloadduct was obtained from the diazohexanedione system, thereby indicating that the longer tether was sufficient to shut down dipole formation.
Studies dealing with the excited-state behavior of substituted 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ones
作者:Albert Padwa、Lin Zhi、Glen E. Fryxell
DOI:10.1021/jo00003a032
日期:1991.2
A series of 8-oxabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ones was prepared by the rhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclization-cycloaddition reaction of alpha-diazopentanedione with various alkynes. The photochemical behavior of these oxabicyclic enones was investigated. Both direct and sensitized photolysis cleanly results in a 1,3-acyl shift. A slower, secondary photoprocess involving intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer and intramolecular cycloaddition of the resulting ketene was also uncovered. The photobehavior of the closely related 9-oxabenzocycloheptene system was also examined. The initially formed 1,3-sigmatropic rearranged product was found to undergo a novel 1,4-methoxyl migration on extended photolysis. The photochemistry of the homologous 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hepten-2-one was studied. The results obtained can be interpreted in terms of an initial Norrish type I cleavage. The resulting diradical either couples to give the 1,3-acyl shift product or undergoes bond fragmentation, giving products derived from a stepwise retro-Diels-Alder reaction.
PADWA, ALBERT;ZHI, LIN;FRYXELL, GLEN E., J. ORG. CHEM., 56,(1991) N, C. 1077-1083
作者:PADWA, ALBERT、ZHI, LIN、FRYXELL, GLEN E.
DOI:——
日期:——
Tandem cyclization-cycloaddition reaction of rhodium carbenoids. Studies dealing with the geometric requirements of dipole formation
作者:Albert Padwa、Richard L. Chinn、Susan F. Hornbuckle、Zhijia J. Zhang
DOI:10.1021/jo00010a019
日期:1991.5
The carbenoid intermediate derived by the treatment of several 1-diazobutanediones with rhodium(II) acetate undergoes ready transannular cyclization onto the neighboring keto group to give five-membered ring carbonyl ylides. The dipole derived from ethyl 4-diazo-2-methyl-3-oxobutyrate was found to undergo a rapid proton transfer, producing 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-3-(2H)-furanone. When the position adjacent to the diazo carbonyl group is blocked with two substituent groups, however, smooth 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition occurs. The observed regioselectivity can be nicely accommodated in terms of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory. A type II FMO interaction is involved since carbonyl ylides possess one of the smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of common 1,3-dipoles. The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1-diazo-6-phenyl-2,6-hexanedione afforded a mixture of products. In addition to the expected cycloadduct, a product derived from the bimolecular addition of the rhodium carbenoid to benzene was obtained. The formation of a mixture of products in this case suggests that entropic factors have sufficiently retarded the rate of intramolecular cyclization so as to allow the bimolecular reaction with benzene to occur. No observable cycloadduct was obtained from the diazohexanedione system, thereby indicating that the longer tether was sufficient to shut down dipole formation.