Protected and unprotected di- or oligopeptides are synthesized by reacting an N-terminally protected .alpha.-amino acid alkyl ester or peptide alkyl ester of the formula X--E--R.sup.1 with an amino acid or a di- or oligopeptide or a derivative thereof of the formula H.sub.2 N--Q--R.sup.2 in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrolase, and, removing protective groups from the reaction product separated from the reaction mixture, where E is the residue of an .alpha.-amino acid or of a di- or oligopeptide, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl and X is a group which carries a charge or is polar at the pH values used for the reaction and which increases the solubility by a factor >5 compared with compounds wherein X=H, Q is the residue of an amino acid or of a di- or oligopeptide, and R.sup.2 is an optionally esterified or amidated acid group. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide or (.alpha.-)amino acid ester concentration is greater than 50 mM, wherein in a particularly preferred embodiment, the concentration ranges from 100 to 1000 mM with approximately comparable nucleophile and electrophile concentrations. The preferred substrate/enzyme ratios are >10.sup.5 M/M or >10.sup.3 M/M when papain is employed. Phthalyl, maleyl or citraconyl radicals and their derivatives or N-betainyl compounds are envisaged for use radicals (X) in the electrophilic component.
保护和未保护的二肽或寡肽通过在
水溶液中存在
水解酶的情况下,通过反应公式X-E-R.sup.1的N-端保护的
α-氨基酸烷基酯或肽烷基酯与公式H.sub.2 N-Q-R.sup.2的
氨基酸或二肽或寡肽或其衍
生物反应而合成,并从反应混合物分离的反应产物中去除保护基,其中E是
α-氨基酸或二肽或寡肽的残基,R.sup.1是较低的烷基,X是在反应使用的pH值下带电荷或是极性的基团,与X=H的化合物相比,其溶解度提高了大于5倍,Q是
氨基酸或二肽或寡肽的残基,R.sup.2是可选的酯化或酰胺化酸基。在一种优选实施例中,肽或(α-)
氨基酸酯的浓度大于50 mM,在一种特别优选实施例中,浓度范围从100到1000 mM,核苷酸亲核剂和电子亲和剂浓度大致相当。所需的底物/酶比为> 10.sup.5 M/M或> 10.sup.3 M/M,当使用
木瓜蛋白酶时。在电子亲和成分中,考虑使用
邻苯二甲酸酐基,马来酰基或顺-己烯三酸酐基及其衍
生物或N-
甜菜碱化合物的自由基(X)。