SmI<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Radical Cross-Couplings of α-Hydroxylated Aza-hemiacetals and<i>N</i>,<i>S</i>-Acetals with α,β-Unsaturated Compounds: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Hyacinthacine A<sub>2</sub>, (−)-Uniflorine A, and (+)-7-<i>epi</i>-Casuarine
作者:Xue-Kui Liu、Shi Qiu、Yong-Gang Xiang、Yuan-Ping Ruan、Xiao Zheng、Pei-Qiang Huang
DOI:10.1021/jo200600n
日期:2011.6.17
The SmI2-mediated radical coupling reactions of beta-hydroxylated pyrrolidine/piperidine aza-hemiacetals 8 and 9 and N,S-acetals 6 and 33 with alpha/beta-unsaturated compounds are described. This method allows a rapid access to beta-hydroxylated pyrrolidines, piperidines, pyrrolizidinones, and indolizidinones. Starting from N,S-acetal 33 and via a common intermediate 27, the alkaloids hyacinthacine A(2) (2), uniflorine A (3, 6-epi-casuarine), and the unnatural epimer 7-epi-casuarine (37) have been synthesized in four and five steps with overall yields of 34%, 16%, and 13%, respectively. The radical mechanism of the coupling reactions has been confirmed by controlled experiments, which also allowed deducing the anionic mechanism in the coupling between N,S-acetal 6 and carbonyl compounds. This demonstrates that the mechanisms of these SmI2-mediated reactions are switchable from Barbier-type anionic to radical by cooperative action of BF3 center dot OEt2 and t-BuOH.