The catalytic asymmetric aminohydroxylation of a variety of styrene derivatives and vinyl aromatics using osmium tetroxide in conjunction with alkaloid-derived ligands [e.g. (DHQ)2PHAL or (DHQD)2PHAL] and haloamine salts of alkyl carbamates (e.g. ethyl carbamate or tert-butyl carbamate) has been investigated. By observing the effect of different aromatic substituents and alkyl carbamates on the regioselectivity, yield and enantioselectivity of the aminohydroxylation reactions, a number of conclusions have been reached: (i) the 1-aryl-2-hydroxyethylamine regioisomers were obtained as the major products in reasonable yield and high (87%) enantiomeric excess; (ii) tert-butyl carbamate was superior to ethyl carbamate in terms of yield, enantioselectivity and ease of removal of the N-protecting group; (iii) high (96%) enantioselectivity was observed with a 4-methoxy-substituted styrene whereas ortho-substituted styrenes gave lower enantioselectivities; (iv) chiral ligands (DHQ)2PHAL and (DHQD)2PHAL gave essentially equal and opposite senses and degrees of asymmetric induction; (v) regioselectivity was ligand dependent with better regioselectivity (and therefore higher isolated yields) obtained with (DHQ)2PHAL than with (DHQD)2PHAL. The products of the aminohydroxylation reactions were used to prepare enantiomerically enriched arylglycinols and a chiral diamine.
研究人员使用
四氧化锇与
生物碱衍生
配体[如
(DHQ)2PHAL 或
(DHQD)2PHAL] 以及
氨基甲酸烷基酯的卤胺盐(如
氨基甲酸乙酯或
氨基甲酸叔丁酯)共同催化多种
苯乙烯衍
生物和
乙烯基芳烃的不对称
氨基羟基化反应。通过观察不同芳香取代基和烷基
氨基甲酸酯对
氨基羟化反应的区域选择性、产率和对映选择性的影响,得出了一些结论:(i) 主要产物为 1-芳基-2-羟乙基胺,产率合理,对映体过量率高(87%);(ii)
氨基甲酸叔丁酯在产率、对映体选择性和 N-保护基的易去除性方面优于
氨基甲酸乙酯;(iii) 4-甲氧基取代
苯乙烯的对映选择性高(96%),而正交取代
苯乙烯的对映选择性较低;(iv) 手性
配体(DHQ)2PHAL 和
(DHQD)2PHAL 的不对称诱导作用和程度基本相同;(v) 区域选择性与
配体有关,
(DHQ)2PHAL 比
(DHQD)2PHAL 的区域选择性更好(因此分离产率更高)。
氨基羟化反应的产物被用于制备对映体富集的芳基甘
氨醇和手性二胺。