A Versatile Catalyst for Heck Reactions of Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Bromides under Mild Conditions
作者:Adam F. Littke、Gregory C. Fu
DOI:10.1021/ja010988c
日期:2001.7.1
for Heck reactions of arylchlorides and bromides. A sterically and electronically diverse array of aryl bromides, as well as activated arylchlorides, couple with a range of mono- and disubstituted olefins at room temperature, furnishing the arylated product with high E/Z stereoselection. The corresponding reactions of a broad spectrum of electron-neutral and electron-rich arylchlorides proceed at
We report for the first time the highly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes using the unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) as a catalyst and organosilanes with water as a hydrogen source. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the present semihydrogenation of various terminal- and internal-alkynes affords the corresponding alkenes in high chemical yields and excellent Z-selectivity without any, over-reduced alkanes. The use of DMF as solvent, which generates amines in situ, or pyridine as an additive is crucial to suppress the association of hydrogen atoms on AuNPore to form H-2 gas, which is unable to reduce alkynes on the unsupported gold catalysts. The AuNPore catalyst can be readily recovered and reused without any loss of catalytic activity. In addition, the SEM and TEM characterization of nanoporosity show that the AuNPore catalyst has a bicontinuous 3D structure and a high density of atomic steps and kinks on ligament surfaces, which should be one of the important origins of catalytic activity.
HECK REACTIONS OF ARYL CHLORIDES CATALYZED BY PALLADIUM/TRI-tert-BUTYLPHOSPHINE: (E)-2-METHYL-3-PHENYLACRYLIC ACID BUTYL ESTER AND (E)-4-(2-PHENYLETHENYL)BENZONITRILE
作者:Littke, Adam F.、Fu, Gregory C.、Ober, Michael H.、Denmark, Scott E.
DOI:10.15227/orgsyn.081.0063
日期:——
Copper-NHC-Mediated Semihydrogenation and Hydroboration of Alkynes: Enhanced Catalytic Activity Using Ring-Expanded Carbenes
作者:Jonathan W. Hall、Darcy M. L. Unson、Paul Brunel、Lee R. Collins、Mateusz K. Cybulski、Mary F. Mahon、Michael K. Whittlesey
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00467
日期:2018.9.24
tert-butoxide complexes bearing five-, six-, and seven-membered ring N-heterocycliccarbenes, prepared by protonolysis of (NHC)CuMes with tBuOH, have been used as catalytic precursors in the semihydrogenation of alkynes with silanes/tBuOH and the hydroboration of alkynes with HBPin. Both processes proceed with high regioselectivity and show enhancements with six- and seven-membered ring carbenes.
由(NHC)CuMes与t BuOH质子分解制得的一系列带有五元,六元和七元环N-杂环卡宾的二配位叔丁醇铜配合物已被用作苯甲酸半加氢反应的催化前体。炔烃与硅烷/ t BuOH的混合,以及炔烃与HBPin的硼氢化。两种方法都具有较高的区域选择性,并显示六元和七元环卡宾具有增强作用。