异喹啉是一种含苯环和吡啶环的杂环化合物,是喹啉的一种同分异构体,即由萘分子中β位的CH基被N原子取代而成。它通常呈现为无色至浅黄色的液体或片状结晶,并带有类似茴香油和苯甲醛的刺激性气味,具有较强的吸水性和较高的碱性。化学性质活泼,能够发生亲核、亲电、氧化及还原反应。许多生物碱如罂粟碱、小蘖碱和吗啡碱等分子中均含有异喹啉或氢化异喹啉的基本结构。
异喹啉的应用广泛:可用作聚亚胺薄膜溶剂;有机导电体、染料、感光色素、杀虫剂、生物碱及医药制品的原料;通过氧化反应制备吡啶羧酸;而异喹啉盐酸盐则常用于测定锌、镉、钴和铜等金属;此外,还可以用来制备各种异喹啉衍生物。
其合成方法包括:一种于1893年提出的Bischler法。该方法以β-苯乙胺的酰基化物为原料,在五氧化二磷(或ZnCl2、POCl3等)的作用下脱水缩合闭环,生成3,4-二氢异喹啉;然后在钯催化作用下于190℃条件下进行氧化脱氢反应以制备异喹啉。另一种方法则是通过肉桂醛肟的Beckmann重排,在五氧化二磷(或硫酸、多聚磷酸)的作用下进行闭环生成所需产物。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3-氨基异喹啉 | isoquinolin-3-amine | 25475-67-6 | C9H8N2 |
| 3-氨基-6-氰基异喹啉 | 3-aminoisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile | 1337879-68-1 | C10H7N3 |
| 3-氨基-2-甲基喹啉 | 3-amino-2-methylquinoline | 21352-22-7 | C10H10N2 |
| 3-异喹啉羧酰胺 | 3-isoquinaldamide | 50458-77-0 | C10H8N2O |
| 3-异喹啉甲酸乙酯 | ethyl isoquinoline-3-carboxylate | 50458-79-2 | C12H11NO2 |
| 3-乙炔异喹啉 | 3-Ethynylisoquinoline | 86520-97-0 | C11H7N |
| 3-乙基异喹啉 | 3-ethylisoquinoline | 102878-59-1 | C11H11N |
| 3-丁基异喹啉 | 3-butylisoquinoline | 7661-42-9 | C13H15N |
| 3-(溴甲基)异喹啉 | 3-(bromomethyl)isoquinoline | 54804-44-3 | C10H8BrN |
| 3-(氯甲基)异喹啉 | 3-chloromethyl isoquinoline | 147937-36-8 | C10H8ClN |
| 3,4-二溴异喹啉 | 3,4-Dibromisochinolin | 36963-44-7 | C9H5Br2N |
| 3,4-二氢异喹啉-1(2H)-酮 | 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one | 1196-38-9 | C9H9NO |
| 3,4-二氢异喹啉 | 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline | 3230-65-7 | C9H9N |
| 3,4-二氢-7-氨基异喹啉 | 7-amino-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline | 62541-60-0 | C9H10N2 |
| 3,4-二氢-6-甲基异喹啉 | 6-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline | 69426-28-4 | C10H11N |
| 3,4-二氢-2,8(1H)-异喹啉羧酸-2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)酯 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-8-carboxylic acid | 878798-87-9 | C15H19NO4 |
| 2-甲基异喹啉-1,3,4-三酮 | 2-methyl-isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione | 21640-33-5 | C10H7NO3 |
| 2-甲基异喹啉-1(2H)-酮 | N-methylisocarbostyril | 4594-71-2 | C10H9NO |
| 2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸 | 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid | 54329-54-3 | C11H13NO2 |
| 2-氯-6-氨基喹啉 | 2-chloroquinolin-6-amine | 238756-47-3 | C9H7ClN2 |
| 2-氨基喹喔啉 | quinoxalin-2-ylamine | 5424-05-5 | C8H7N3 |
| 2-异喹啉-4-乙醇 | 2-(isoquinolin-4-yl)ethanol | 475213-28-6 | C11H11NO |
| 2-异丙基-1-羟基异喹啉 | 2-(1-methylethyl)-1(2H)isoquinolinone | 101712-97-4 | C12H13NO |
| 2-丙基异喹啉溴化�f | 2-propylisoquinolinium bromide | 86377-01-7 | Br*C12H14N |
| 2-N-Boc-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-1-羧酸 | 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid | 166591-85-1 | C15H19NO4 |
| 2-(异吲哚-1-基)乙酸 | 1-(carboxymethyl)isoquinoline | 855292-39-6 | C11H9NO2 |
| 2,3-二氢-4(1h)-异喹啉酮 | 2,3-dihydroisoquinolin-4(1H)-one | 51641-22-6 | C9H9NO |
| 1-苯酰基异喹啉 | 1-benzoylisoquinoline | 16576-23-1 | C16H11NO |
| 1-苯氧基-6-溴异喹啉 | 6-Bromo-1-phenoxyisoquinoline | 215453-25-1 | C15H10BrNO |
| 1-苯基异喹啉 | 1-phenylisoquinoline | 3297-72-1 | C15H11N |
| 1-苯基-1,2-二氢异喹啉-3(4H)-酮 | 1-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinone | 17507-05-0 | C15H13NO |
| 1-苯基-1,2-二氢异喹啉 | 1-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-isoquinoline | 134021-15-1 | C15H13N |
| 1-苄基异喹啉 | 1-benzylisoquinoline | 6907-59-1 | C16H13N |
| 1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉 | 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 19716-56-4 | C16H17N |
| 1-羟基异喹啉-7-羧酸 | 1-oxo-2H-isoquinoline-7-carboxylic acid | 1301214-62-9 | C10H7NO3 |
| 1-羟基-6-氯异喹啉 | 6-chloroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one | 131002-09-0 | C9H6ClNO |
| 1-羟基-4-溴异喹啉 | 4-bromoisoquinolin-1(2H)-one | 3951-95-9 | C9H6BrNO |
| 1-碘异喹啉 | 1-iodoisoquiniline | 19658-77-6 | C9H6IN |
| 1-甲基-6-甲氧基异羟基喹啉 | 6-methoxy-1-methyl-2H-isoquinolin-1-ol | 140683-35-8 | C11H13NO2 |
| 1-甲基-6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉 | 6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline | 4721-98-6 | C12H15NO2 |
| 1-甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉 | 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline hydrochloride | 26210-39-9 | C10H11N*ClH |
| 1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉盐酸盐 | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride | 111635-08-6 | C10H13N*ClH |
| 1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉 | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 4965-09-7 | C10H13N |
| 1-溴异喹啉 | 1-bromoisoquinoline | 1532-71-4 | C9H6BrN |
| 1-溴-7-氯异喹啉 | 1-Bromo-7-chloroisoquinoline | 1196155-73-3 | C9H5BrClN |
| 1-溴-5-氯异喹啉 | 1-Bromo-5-chloroisoquinoline | 1207448-41-6 | C9H5BrClN |
| 1-溴-4-羟基-7-苯氧基异喹啉-3-甲酸甲酯 | 1-bromo-4-hydroxy-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1455091-21-0 | C17H12BrNO4 |
| 1-溴-4-氯异喹啉 | 1-bromo-4-chloroisoquinoline | 925890-48-8 | C9H5BrClN |
| 1-氯甲基-异喹啉 | 1-chloromethyl-isoquinoline | 27311-65-5 | C10H8ClN |
| 1-氯异喹啉-6-羧酸 | 1-chloroisoquinoline-6-carboxylic acid | 1256787-42-4 | C10H6ClNO2 |