异喹啉类化合物
异喹啉是一种含苯环和吡啶环的杂环化合物，是喹啉的一种同分异构体，即由萘分子中β位的CH基被N原子取代而成。它通常呈现为无色至浅黄色的液体或片状结晶，并带有类似茴香油和苯甲醛的刺激性气味，具有较强的吸水性和较高的碱性。化学性质活泼，能够发生亲核、亲电、氧化及还原反应。许多生物碱如罂粟碱、小蘖碱和吗啡碱等分子中均含有异喹啉或氢化异喹啉的基本结构。
异喹啉的应用广泛：可用作聚亚胺薄膜溶剂；有机导电体、染料、感光色素、杀虫剂、生物碱及医药制品的原料；通过氧化反应制备吡啶羧酸；而异喹啉盐酸盐则常用于测定锌、镉、钴和铜等金属；此外，还可以用来制备各种异喹啉衍生物。
其合成方法包括：一种于1893年提出的Bischler法。该方法以β-苯乙胺的酰基化物为原料，在五氧化二磷（或ZnCl2、POCl3等）的作用下脱水缩合闭环，生成3,4-二氢异喹啉；然后在钯催化作用下于190℃条件下进行氧化脱氢反应以制备异喹啉。另一种方法则是通过肉桂醛肟的Beckmann重排，在五氧化二磷（或硫酸、多聚磷酸）的作用下进行闭环生成所需产物。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-甲基异喹啉 | 4-methylisoquinoline | 1196-39-0 | C10H9N |
| 4-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉 | 4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 110841-71-9 | C10H13N |
| 4-甲基-1(2H)-异喹啉酮 | 4-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone | 77077-83-9 | C10H9NO |
| 4-环丙基异喹啉 | 4-cyclopropylisoquinoline | 485402-69-5 | C12H11N |
| 4-溴异喹啉-8-胺 | 4-bromo-[8]isoquinolylamine | 351458-46-3 | C9H7BrN2 |
| 4-溴异喹啉-3-胺 | 4-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine | 10321-49-0 | C9H7BrN2 |
| 4-溴-异喹啉-1-甲腈 | 4-bromo-1,4-isoquinolinecarbonitrile | 27224-09-5 | C10H5BrN2 |
| 4-溴-异喹啉 2-氧化物 | 4-bromoisoquinoline N-oxide | 3749-21-1 | C9H6BrNO |
| 4-溴-7-氯异喹啉-1(2H)-酮 | 4-bromo-7-chloroisoquinolin-1-ol | 1028252-13-2 | C9H5BrClNO |
| 4-溴-7-氯异喹啉 | 4-bromo-7-chloroisoquinoline | 953421-72-2 | C9H5BrClN |
| 4-溴-6-甲基异喹啉 | 4-bromo-6-methylisoquinoline | 1204298-52-1 | C10H8BrN |
| 4-溴-3-羟基异喹啉 | 3-Hydroxy-4-bromisochinolin | 36963-50-5 | C9H6BrNO |
| 4-溴-1-碘异喹啉 | 4-bromo-1-iodoisoquinoline | 927800-97-3 | C9H5BrIN |
| 4-溴-1-甲氧基异喹啉 | 4-bromo-1-methoxyisoquinoline | 746668-73-5 | C10H8BrNO |
| 4-溴-1-甲基-异喹啉 | 4-bromo-1-methylisoquinoline | 104704-40-7 | C10H8BrN |
| 4-氰基异喹啉 | isoquinoline-4-carbonitrile | 34846-65-6 | C10H6N2 |
| 4-氯苯并[f]异喹啉 | 4-chlorobenzo[f]isoquinoline | 32081-28-0 | C13H8ClN |
| 4-氯异喹啉 | 4-chloroisoquinoline | 1532-91-8 | C9H6ClN |
| 4-氯-1(2H-)-异喹啉酮 | 4-chloro-1-(2H)-isoquinolone | 56241-09-9 | C9H6ClNO |
| 4-氨基异喹啉-1-甲腈 | 4-Amino-isoquinoline-1-carbonitrile | 573758-69-7 | C10H7N3 |
| 4-氨基异喹啉 | 4-aminoisoquinoline | 23687-25-4 | C9H8N2 |
| 4-氨基-3-溴异喹啉 | 4-amino-3-bromoisoquinoline | 40073-37-8 | C9H7BrN2 |
| 4-氟异喹啉硫酸盐 | 4-fluoroisoquinoline sulfate | 906820-09-5 | C9H6FN*H2O4S |
| 4-氟异喹啉-5-磺酰氯 盐酸盐 | 4-fluoroisoquinoline-5-sulfonyl chloride hydrochloride | 906820-08-4 | C9H5ClFNO2S*ClH |
| 4-氟异喹啉-5-磺酰氯 | 4-fluoroisoquinoline-5-sulfonyl chloride | 194032-33-2 | C9H5ClFNO2S |
| 4-氟异喹啉 | 4-fluoroisoquinoline | 394-67-2 | C9H6FN |
| 4-异喹啉羧酸乙酯 | isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 50741-47-4 | C12H11NO2 |
| 4-异喹啉甲酸 | isoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid | 7159-36-6 | C10H7NO2 |
| 4-乙炔异喹啉 | 4-ethynylisoquinoline | 78593-42-7 | C11H7N |
| 4-[2-(3,4-二氢-6,7-二甲氧基-2(1h)-异喹啉)乙基]-苯胺 | 4-(2-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)aniline | 82925-02-8 | C19H24N2O2 |
| 4-(异喹啉-3-基)苯酚 | 4-(isoquinolin-3-yl)phenol | 884500-88-3 | C15H11NO |
| 4,6-二氯-1-(3,5-二甲基苯基)异喹啉 | 4,6-dichloro-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)isoquinoline | 1443013-16-8 | C17H13Cl2N |
| 3-苯基异喹啉 | 3-phenylisoquinoline | 37993-76-3 | C15H11N |
| 3-苯基-1-氨基异喹啉 | 3-phenylisoquinolin-1-amine | 23023-35-0 | C15H12N2 |
| 3-羟基-1-甲基异喹啉 | 3-Hydroxy-1-methyl-isochinolin | 16535-89-0 | C10H9NO |
| 3-碘异喹啉 | 3-iodoisoquinoline | 66728-97-0 | C9H6IN |
| 3-甲醇异喹啉 | isoquinolin-3-ylmethanol | 76884-34-9 | C10H9NO |
| 3-甲基异喹啉 | 3-methylisoquinoline | 1125-80-0 | C10H9N |
| 3-甲基-2H-异喹啉-1-酮 | 3-methylisoquinolone | 7114-80-9 | C10H9NO |
| 3-溴异喹啉 | 3-bromoisoquinoline | 34784-02-6 | C9H6BrN |
| 3-氯异喹啉-7-羧酸 | 3-Chloroisoquinoline-7-carboxylic acid | 1263207-80-2 | C10H6ClNO2 |
| 3-氯异喹啉-4-醇 | 3-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline | 101774-33-8 | C9H6ClNO |
| 3-氯异喹啉-4-羧酸 | 3-Chloroisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid | 123695-38-5 | C10H6ClNO2 |
| 3-氯-7-氟异喹啉 | 3-Chloro-7-fluoroisoquinoline | 82117-26-8 | C9H5ClFN |
| 3-氯-6-氟异喹啉 | 3-chloro-6-fluoroisoquinoline | 1041423-28-2 | C9H5ClFN |
| 3-氯-6-异喹啉羧酸 | 3-chloroisoquinoline-6-carboxylic acid | 1256794-71-4 | C10H6ClNO2 |
| 3-氯-5-氨基异喹啉 | 3-chloroisoquinolin-5-amine | 58142-49-7 | C9H7ClN2 |
| 3-氯-4-异喹啉胺 | 4-amino-3-chloroisoquinoline | 342899-38-1 | C9H7ClN2 |
| 3-氯-1-甲氧基异喹啉 | 3-chloro-1-methoxyisoquinoline | 24649-22-7 | C10H8ClNO |
| 3-氨甲基异喹啉 | 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline | 132833-03-5 | C10H10N2 |
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