染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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黑色素-1 | 3-(Diethylamino)-6-(methyl)-7-(aminophenyl)<isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-<9H>xanthen>-3-one | 29512-49-0 | C31H28N2O3 |
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高氯酸恶嗪4 | Phenoxazin-5-ium, 3,7-bis(ethylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-, perchlorate | 48193-79-9 | C18H21N3O |
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香豆素-35 | coumarin 481 | 41934-47-8 | C14H14F3NO2 |
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香豆素 7 | coumarin 7 | 27425-55-4 | C20H19N3O2 |
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颜料蓝64 | 7,16-dichloro-6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone | 130-20-1 | C28H12Cl2N2O4 |
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颜料蓝60 | 6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone | 81-77-6 | C28H14N2O4 |
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颜料红179 | N,N'-Dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-biscarboximide | 5521-31-3 | C26H14N2O4 |
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颜料红149 | perylene red | 4948-15-6 | C40H26N2O4 |
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阳离子金黄X-GL | 2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylhydrazono]methyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium methyl sulfate | 54060-92-3 | CH3O4S*C20H24N3O |
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阳离子蓝3RL | 1-Amino-4-(4-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylamino)-anthraquinone | 12217-43-5 | C23H21N3O2 |
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阳离子荧光黄4GL | (Z)-N-[(Z)-(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-imine;methyl sulfate | 52435-14-0 | C19H21N5O4S2 |
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阳离子红X-GTL | C.I. Basic red 18 | 14097-03-1 | C19H25ClN5O2+ |
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阳离子红BL | 3-[2-{2-[1-Methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]diazen-1-ium-1-ylidene}-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propanimidate--hydrogen chloride (1/1) | 12221-63-5 | C26H24ClN5OS |
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阳离子橙2GL | Astrazonorange R | 4657-00-5 | C28H27N2*Cl |
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阳离子桃红FG | cationic pink 2S | 3648-36-0 | C22H26ClN2*Cl |
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间氯苯胺盐酸盐 | 3-chloroaniline hydrochloride | 141-85-5 | C6H7ClN*Cl |
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锡利翠蓝GL | copper;disodium;2,11,20,29,38,40-hexaza-37,39-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(36),2,4(9),5,7,10(40),11,13,15,17,19,21(38),22(27),23,25,28,30,32,34-nonadecaene-6,24-disulfonate | 1330-38-7 | C32H14CuN8O6S2.2Na |
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铬黑 T | Eriochrome(R) Black T, SAJ special grade | 1787-61-7 | C20H13N3NaO7S |
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重氮氨基苯 | p-nitrophenylbenzotriazene | 13113-75-2 | C12H10N4O2 |
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酸性黑BR | Sodium 6-anilino-4-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonate | 6222-55-5 | C23H18N4NaO7S |
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酸性黑172 | Trisodium bis(3-hydroxy-4-((2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo)-7-nitronaphthalene-1-sulphonato(3-))chromate(3-) | 61847-77-6 | C40H20CrN6Na3O14S2 |
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酸性黄RXL | Sodium 3-[[4-[(2-ethoxy-5-methylphenyl)azo]-1-naphthyl]azo]benzenesulphonate | 12220-10-9 | C25H21N4NaO4S |
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酸性黄49 | (4-[2-(5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]-2,5-dichloro benzenesulfonic acid) | 12239-15-5 | C16H13Cl2N5O3S |
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酸性黄40 | Acid Yellow 40 (CI 18950) | 6372-96-9 | C23H19ClN4O7S2.Na |
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酸性黄25 | 6359-85-9 | C23H21N5NaO6S2 |
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酸性黄14 | 6359-97-3 | C16H12Cl2N4NaO4S |
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酸性黄127 | 73384-78-8 | C26H21Cl2N9NaO4S |
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酸性黄117 | Acid Yellow 117 | 6459-70-7 | C39H30N8Na2O8S2 |
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酸性黄11 | 6359-82-6 | C16H14N4NaO4S |
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酸性金黄G | 3-{2-[4-(Phenylamino)phenyl]diazen-1-yl}benzenesulfonic acid sodium | 587-98-4 | C18H15N3NaO3S |
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酸性蓝41 | 2-Anthracenesulfonic acid,4-[[4-(acetylmethylamino)phenyl]amino]-1-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-, monosodium salt | 2666-17-3 | C23H19N3NaO6S |
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酸性蓝27 | Acilan Astrol B | 6408-51-1 | C22H17N2NaO5S |
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酸性蓝158 | Acid blue 158 | 6370-08-7 | C20H11CrN2Na2O9S2 |
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酸性蓝127:1 | Methane, bis(4-((4-amino-3-sulfo-1-anthraquinonyl)amino)phenyl)-, disodium salt | 12237-86-4 | C41H26N4Na2O10S2 |
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酸性蓝119 | Sodium 2-((4-(hydroxybis(4-(phenylamino)phenyl)methyl)phenyl)amino)benzenesulfonate | 1324-80-7 | C37H30N3NaO4S |
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酸性蓝 90 | 6104-58-1 | C47H49N3NaO7S2 |
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酸性蓝 1 | patent blue VF | 116-95-0 | C27H32N2O6S2 |
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酸性艳红E-B | 6245-59-6 | C26H23N3NaO5S |
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酸性红GR | Silk Scarlet | 8003-59-6 | C20H13N2NaO4S |
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酸性红337 | Acid red 337 | 67786-14-5 | C17H11F3N3NaO4S |
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酸性红141 | 5850-93-1 | C20H14N2NaO4S |
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酸性紫9 | 2-(2-oxo-acenaphthen-1-ylidene)-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-3-one | 6252-78-4 | C20H10O2S |
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酸性紫6B | 1694-09-3 | C39H41N3O6S2.Na |
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酸性紫48 | C.I. Acid Violet 48 | 12220-51-8 | C37H38N2Na2O9S2 |
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酸性紫43 | 4430-18-6 | C21H15NNaO6S |
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酸性紫17 | 4129-84-4 | C41H45N3NaO6S2 |
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酸性橙G | (3,3-Dimethyl-allyl)-thiocyanat | 1936-96-5 | C6H9NS |
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酸性橙88 | sodium;chromium;2-[(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]-4-sulfamoylphenolate | 12239-03-1 | C32H28CrN10NaO8S2- |
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酸性橙60 | Chromate(1-), bis(3-((4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(oxo-kappaO)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo-kappaN1)-4-(hydroxy-kappaO)benzenesulfonamidato(2-))-, hydrogen | 30112-70-0 | C32H29CrN10O8S2- |
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酸性橙3 | 6373-74-6 | C18H14N4NaO7S |
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