染料是指能使纤维等物料坚牢着色的有机物质。种类繁多,根据来源可分为天然染料和合成染料两大类。
一、按来源分类
天然染料虽然种类丰富,但由于色谱不全、应用不便及牢度差等缺点,多数已被合成染料取代。
二、按分子结构分类
三、按应用方法分类
四、染料的性质与用途
染料种类繁多,性质各异,用途广泛。作为物证时,通常固着在纺织纤维或纸张上,或作为墨水、印油、圆珠笔油、油墨的一种组织成分。检验方法包括微量化学法、薄层色谱法、液相色谱法、紫外-可见吸收光谱法及荧光光谱法。
五、染料行业发展
20世纪70年代至90年代,世界染料行业以开发新品种和提高质量为主,年产量保持在100万吨左右。中国染料行业自80年代以来快速发展,90年代至今侧重于提高质量,产量每年维持在30万吨上下,2000年的产量为31.56万吨。
纺织品染色是染料的主要用途之一,占总量的约85%,其余用于皮革、塑料、纸张及涂料等的着色。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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黑色素-1 | 3-(Diethylamino)-6-(methyl)-7-(aminophenyl)<isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-<9H>xanthen>-3-one | 29512-49-0 | C31H28N2O3 |
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高氯酸恶嗪4 | Phenoxazin-5-ium, 3,7-bis(ethylamino)-2,8-dimethyl-, perchlorate | 48193-79-9 | C18H21N3O |
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香豆素-35 | coumarin 481 | 41934-47-8 | C14H14F3NO2 |
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香豆素 7 | coumarin 7 | 27425-55-4 | C20H19N3O2 |
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颜料蓝64 | 7,16-dichloro-6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone | 130-20-1 | C28H12Cl2N2O4 |
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颜料蓝60 | 6,15-dihydroanthrazine-5,9,14,18-tetrone | 81-77-6 | C28H14N2O4 |
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颜料红179 | N,N'-Dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-biscarboximide | 5521-31-3 | C26H14N2O4 |
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颜料红149 | perylene red | 4948-15-6 | C40H26N2O4 |
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阳离子金黄X-GL | 2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylhydrazono]methyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium methyl sulfate | 54060-92-3 | CH3O4S*C20H24N3O |
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阳离子蓝3RL | 1-Amino-4-(4-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylamino)-anthraquinone | 12217-43-5 | C23H21N3O2 |
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阳离子荧光黄4GL | (Z)-N-[(Z)-(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-imine;methyl sulfate | 52435-14-0 | C19H21N5O4S2 |
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阳离子红X-GTL | C.I. Basic red 18 | 14097-03-1 | C19H25ClN5O2+ |
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阳离子橙2GL | Astrazonorange R | 4657-00-5 | C28H27N2*Cl |
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阳离子桃红FG | cationic pink 2S | 3648-36-0 | C22H26ClN2*Cl |
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间氯苯胺盐酸盐 | 3-chloroaniline hydrochloride | 141-85-5 | C6H7ClN*Cl |
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锡利翠蓝GL | copper;disodium;2,11,20,29,38,40-hexaza-37,39-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1(36),2,4(9),5,7,10(40),11,13,15,17,19,21(38),22(27),23,25,28,30,32,34-nonadecaene-6,24-disulfonate | 1330-38-7 | C32H14CuN8O6S2.2Na |
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重氮氨基苯 | p-nitrophenylbenzotriazene | 13113-75-2 | C12H10N4O2 |
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酸性黄49 | (4-[2-(5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]-2,5-dichloro benzenesulfonic acid) | 12239-15-5 | C16H13Cl2N5O3S |
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酸性黄117 | Acid Yellow 117 | 6459-70-7 | C39H30N8Na2O8S2 |
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酸性金黄G | 3-{2-[4-(Phenylamino)phenyl]diazen-1-yl}benzenesulfonic acid sodium | 587-98-4 | C18H15N3NaO3S |
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酸性蓝158 | Acid blue 158 | 6370-08-7 | C20H11CrN2Na2O9S2 |
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酸性蓝127:1 | Methane, bis(4-((4-amino-3-sulfo-1-anthraquinonyl)amino)phenyl)-, disodium salt | 12237-86-4 | C41H26N4Na2O10S2 |
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酸性蓝119 | Sodium 2-((4-(hydroxybis(4-(phenylamino)phenyl)methyl)phenyl)amino)benzenesulfonate | 1324-80-7 | C37H30N3NaO4S |
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酸性蓝 1 | patent blue VF | 116-95-0 | C27H32N2O6S2 |
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酸性紫9 | 2-(2-oxo-acenaphthen-1-ylidene)-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-3-one | 6252-78-4 | C20H10O2S |
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酸性紫48 | C.I. Acid Violet 48 | 12220-51-8 | C37H38N2Na2O9S2 |
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酸性紫43 | 4430-18-6 | C21H15NNaO6S |
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酸性橙G | (3,3-Dimethyl-allyl)-thiocyanat | 1936-96-5 | C6H9NS |
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酸性橙3 | 6373-74-6 | C18H14N4NaO7S |
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酸性棕O | Acid brown 98 | 12269-88-4 | C48H39FeN15O21S3 |
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酸性棕15 | Acid Brown 15 | 5850-15-7 | C22H14N4Na2O8S2 |
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酸性媒介棕4 | 2-(4,6-Diamino-m-tolylazo)-4,6-dinitrophenol | 6247-27-4 | C13H12N6O5 |
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酸性兰62 | 4368-56-3 | C20H20N2NaO5S |
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酸性兰25 | 6408-78-2 | C20H14N2NaO5S |
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酸性兰182 | Acid Blue 182 | 12219-26-0 | C23H17N3Na2O9S2 |
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酸性兰138 | Disodium 1-amino-4-(4-dodecylsulphonatoanilino)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulphonate | 1324-53-4 | C32H36N2Na2O8S2 |
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酸性兰 129 | 6397-02-0 | C23H20N2NaO5S |
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邻氯苯胺盐酸盐 | 2-chloroaniline hydrochloride | 137-04-2 | C6H7ClN*Cl |
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透明蓝R | N-[4-[(4-hydroxyanthraquinone-1-yl)amino]phenyl]ethanamide | 67905-17-3 | C22H16N2O4 |
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透明蓝AP | 1,4-bis(isopropylamino)anthraquinone | 14233-37-5 | C20H22N2O2 |
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透明紫BS | 1,4-diamino-2,3-dichloroanthraquinone | 81-42-5 | C14H8Cl2N2O2 |
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还原黑29 | N-[4-[[18-[[4-[[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]amino]-12,22-dioxo-9-hexacyclo[11.7.1.14,20.02,11.03,8.017,21]docosa-1(21),2,4,6,8,10,13,15,17,19-decaenyl]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]benzenecarboximidic acid | 6049-19-0 | C64H34N4O8 |
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还原黑27 | 6,9-bis-benzoylamino-16<i>H</i>-dinaphtho[2,3-<i>a</i>;2',3'-<i>i</i>]carbazole-5,10,15,17-tetraone | 2379-81-9 | C42H23N3O6 |
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还原黑25 | Indanthren Olive T | 4395-53-3 | C45H22N2O5 |
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还原黄GCN | Algol Yellow-GC | 129-09-9 | C28H14N2O2S2 |
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还原黄G | flavanthrone | 475-71-8 | C28H12N2O2 |
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还原黄F3GL | C.I. Vat Yellow 33 | 12227-50-8 | C54H32N4O6 |
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还原黄4 | dibenzo[b,def]chrysene-7,14-dione | 128-66-5 | C24H12O2 |
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还原黄12 | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis-(5-benzoylamino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-[1]anthryl)-oxalamide | 6370-75-8 | C44H26N4O8 |
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还原黄10 | N-[5-[[4-[4-[[4-[4-[[5-[[hydroxy(phenyl)methylidene]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzoyl]amino]-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]benzenecarboximidic acid | 2379-76-2 | C68H42N6O8 |
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