Synthesis and biological activity of Δ-5,6-norcantharimides: importance of the 5,6-bridge
摘要:
Cantharidin (1) and norcantharidin (2) are potent protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitors that also display high levels of anticancer activity against a broad range of tumor cells lines. Surprisingly, Delta-5,6-ethyl norcantharidin (3, cis-tetrahydrofurano[3,4-c]furan-1,3-dione) displays neither phosphatase inhibition nor anticancer activity. This suggests that the 5,6-ethyl bridge is pivotal to both anti-cancer and protein phosphatase activity. Additionally bioisosteric replacement of the ethereal oxygen has no effect on biological activity nor does modification of the anhydride moiety. Unlike the parent norcantharidin. anhydride ring opening has no effect on either protein phosphatase inhibition or anti-cancer activity. Additionally, this work highlights the discovery of the octyl substituted, cis-5-benzyl-2-hexyltetrahydro-2H,3aH-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3-dione, 9p, and the octyl substituted, cis-octyltetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione, 8p, as two new cytotoxic agents which are equipotent (9p) with, and more potent (8p) than norcantharidin. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
A mild Boc deprotection and the importance of a free carboxylate
摘要:
We report a facile and rapid removal of Boc protecting groups using microwave heating in H2O, With deprotection only requiring a free carboxylic acid group in the starting material. Unlike previous approaches, no additional reagents are required. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.