Heliotridine, the hydrolysis product from heliotrine and lasiocarpine, was excreted in the form of the N-oxide in larger quantities after the administration of each of these alkaloids /to rats/.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
.../和/ 海里奥特里丁，40% ...
The pa /pyrrolizidine alkaloids/, like many other foreign substances, undergo metab changes in animal body by more than one pathway. ... The known metabolites represent products of n-oxidation and dehydrogenation of pyrrolizidine moiety, of o-demethylation of methoxy groups when these are present in acidic moiety, and products of hydrolysis of ester linkages. ... The part of the administered dose that is excreted in the urine as the unchanged parent alkaloid depends mainly on its basic properties and water solubility. Lasiocarpine is excreted in trace quantities.../and/ heliotridine, 40%...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
动物研究的证据表明，肝毒性是由于肝细胞中的混合功能氧化酶形成有毒的吡咯代谢物所致。
Evidence from animal studies suggests that the hepatotoxicity is due to the formation of toxic pyrrolic metabolites by the mixed function oxidases of liver cells.
Levels of pyrrolic metabolites were measured in the livers of rats given some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and semisynthetic derivatives. ... Heliotridine-based alkaloids gave more pyrrole than similar retronecine esters, heliotridine ditiglate gave less pyrrole than retronecine ditiglate because the former was more open to hydrolytic attack.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/
Presentation depends on the active toxic agent. In most cases, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea occur within 60 to 90 minutes of significant ingestion. With some toxins, severe gastroenteritis may result in massive fluid and electrolyte loss. ... Maintain open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat coma, seizures, arrhythmias, and hypotension if they occur. Replace fluid loss caused by gastroenteritis with intravenous crystalloid solutions. ... Administer activated charcoal if available ... Gastric emptying is not necessary if activated charcoal is given promptly. /Plants and Herbal Medicines: Group 1/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
人类毒性摘录
人类暴露研究/迄今为止报告的最大爆发发生在阿富汗西北部赫拉特省的古兰区，靠近苏联边境。...据估计，疫情影响了大约35,000人，分布在98个村庄。对受影响村庄的7,200名居民进行检查，发现22.6%的人有疾病证据，其中15%的人病情较重。因此，估计大约有8,000人患有这种疾病，包括5,000人严重受影响。所有年龄组的人都受到影响，但46%的研究对象年龄在14岁以下。然而，在2岁以下的儿童中没有发现疾病的迹象。关于从14个肝活检和8个尸检中获得的病理材料的详细报告已经完成.../尽管/没有指出症状出现和活检/尸检之间的时间间隔。病理发现具有特征性，范围从具有特征性静脉阻塞的急性疾病到非门脉性肝硬化，这在上述22例中有5例观察到。疫情被归因于小麦的大规模污染，小麦是主要粮食作物，在连续两年干旱之后，与Heliotropium popovii H. Riedl亚种gillianum H. Riedl的种子混合，这种植物在小麦作物中大量生长。这些种子含有吡咯烷生物碱，据两个实验室报告，其浓度分别为7.2和13.2-14.9 g/kg，主要被识别为heliotrine的N-氧化物（74%）...，还有一两种与lasiocarpine性质相似的化合物。来自几个村庄的小麦样本平均含有40粒种子/公斤，即重量的0.03%。据估计，成年人每天至少消耗700克面粉，含有大约2毫克生物碱（基于种子分析的平均值）。/吡咯烷生物碱/
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The largest outbreak reported to date occurred in the Gulran district of Herat Province in northwest Afghanistan, close to the border of the USSR. ...The outbreak, was estimated to have affected a population of approximately 35,000 in 98 villages. Examination of 7,200 inhabitants of the affected villages showed evidence of disease in 22.6%, which was more serious in 15%. Thus, it was estimated that approximately 8,000 subjects suffered from the disease including 5,000 who were seriously affected. All age groups were affected, but 46% of subjects were below 14 years of age. However, no sign of disease was found in children below 2 years of age. A detailed report concerning the pathological material obtained from 14 liver biopsies and 8 autopsies was made... /although/ the time interval between the onset of symptoms and the biopsy/autopsy was not indicated. Pathological findings were characteristic, ranging from acute disease with characteristic veno-occlusion to non-portal cirrhosis, which was observed in 5 of the above 22 cases. The outbreak was ascribed to massive contamination of wheat, the staple food crop, following 2 years of drought, with the seeds of Heliotropium popovii H. Riedl subsp. gillianum H. Riedl, which had been growing profusely among the wheat crop. The seeds contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids at concentrations reported by 2 laboratories to be 7.2 and 13.2-14.9 g/kg, identified mainly as the N-oxide of heliotrine (74%)..., and one or two other compounds similar in character to lasiocarpine. Samples of wheat from several villages contained an average of 40 seeds/kg, i.e., 0.03% by weight. It was estimated that an adult consumed at least 700 g flour/day, containing approximately 2 mg alkaloid (based on a mean of the seed analyses). /Pyrrolizidine alkaloids/
Method And Assay Kit For Detection Of Toxicity Induced By Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
申请人：Lin Ge
公开号：US20130189710A1
公开（公告）日：2013-07-25
An antibody, which specifically recognizes adducts between pyrrole and cellular macromolecules. Such adducts are likely to occur in mammals suffering an incident of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. The antibody can be produced using a synthetic immunogen conjugated with a pyrrole as a hapten and it can be used, for example in an assay kit and/or by itself, as a novel means for detecting or diagnosing pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning both clinics and research laboratories.
PROCÉDÉ D'EXTRACTION DES ALCALOÏDES PYRROLIZIDINIQUES
申请人：Robertet S.A.
公开号：EP3922633A1
公开（公告）日：2021-12-15
L'invention se rapporte à un procédé d'extraction des alcaloïdes pyrrolizidiniques présents dans un extrait végétal d'intérêt, comprenant au moins une étape d'hydrodistillation ou de distillation dudit extrait.
Pre-analysis treatment method for sample containing plurality of components with greatly different concentrations
申请人：AiSTI SCIENCE CO., Ltd.
公开号：US10656126B2
公开（公告）日：2020-05-19
A pre-analysis treatment method includes: a first retaining step of supplying, to a solid phase, each predetermined amount of the sample and a first solvent, and allowing a component at low concentration to be retained in the solid phase; a first washing step of supplying the first solvent to the solid phase and removing a component at high concentration from the solid phase; a second retaining step of supplying the sample in a smaller amount than the predetermined amount supplied in the first retaining step, and a second solvent to the solid phase, and allowing the component at high concentration to be retained in the solid phase; and an elution step of simultaneously extruding the components retained in the solid phase with an extrusion solvent.
