Dipyridyl/pyridinium thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes as new atropisomeric systems. Synthesis, conformational analysis and energy minimization
摘要:
Synthesis of a new class of cofacially oriented dipyridyl(pyridinium)lthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes with or without -CO2Et and -COMe substituents at C2, and C5 positions of thieno[2,3-b]thiophene ring was readily accomplished using a double Dieckman cyclization protocol as the key step. While C2/C5 substituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes exhibited syn/anti atropisomerism at least up to 70 degrees C with Arrhenius energy of activation (Delta G(not equal)) in the range of 17-18 kcal/mol, on the other hand unsubstituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene and its bis-N-quaternized salt were found to show free conformational rotation with an estimated Delta G(not equal) of lower than 10 kcal/mol. Conformational energy minimization using AMI protocol revealed a slight preference for the anti over syn isomers. Compared to the unsubstituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes, higher energy barriers to rotation (3.7-5.1 kcal/mol) in substituted dipyridylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes can be attributed to steric encumbrance resulting from -CO2Et and -COMe substituents located on the non-rotating thienothiophene platform. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.
Dipyridyl/pyridinium thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes as new atropisomeric systems. Synthesis, conformational analysis and energy minimization
摘要:
Synthesis of a new class of cofacially oriented dipyridyl(pyridinium)lthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes with or without -CO2Et and -COMe substituents at C2, and C5 positions of thieno[2,3-b]thiophene ring was readily accomplished using a double Dieckman cyclization protocol as the key step. While C2/C5 substituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes exhibited syn/anti atropisomerism at least up to 70 degrees C with Arrhenius energy of activation (Delta G(not equal)) in the range of 17-18 kcal/mol, on the other hand unsubstituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene and its bis-N-quaternized salt were found to show free conformational rotation with an estimated Delta G(not equal) of lower than 10 kcal/mol. Conformational energy minimization using AMI protocol revealed a slight preference for the anti over syn isomers. Compared to the unsubstituted dipyfidylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes, higher energy barriers to rotation (3.7-5.1 kcal/mol) in substituted dipyridylthieno[2,3-b]thiophenes can be attributed to steric encumbrance resulting from -CO2Et and -COMe substituents located on the non-rotating thienothiophene platform. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.