钩藤碱 C | 5629-60-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚里西啶
• 中文名称: 钩藤碱 C
• 中文别名: 钩藤碱C
• 英文名称: pteropodine
• 英文别名: uncarine C；Pteropodin；methyl (1S,4aS,5aS,6R,10aS)-1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate
• CAS: 5629-60-7
• 化学式: C₂₁H₂₄N₂O₄
• 分子量: 368.433
• InChiKey: JMIAZDVHNCCPDM-QLMFUGSGSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  217-219℃
• 密度：
  1.33±0.1 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.6
• 重原子数：
  27
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.52
• 拓扑面积：
  67.9
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  5

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  钩藤碱 C 在 盐酸 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 3.0h， 生成 钩藤碱e
  参考文献：
  名称：

  吲哚生物碱的转化——Ⅰ：羟吲哚生物碱转化为吲哚生物碱

  摘要：

  已通过一系列反应将一些天然的羟吲哚（蝶呤，异氟哌啶和异羟胆碱）化学转化为相应的吲哚生物碱，这些反应包括用Meerwein's试剂形成天然羟吲哚的亚氨基醚，将亚氨基醚还原为2,3-氨基吲哚和2，3-二氨基吲哚环化成所需的天然吲哚生物碱。发现在乙酸中的硼氢化钠是用于将羟吲哚-亚氨基醚还原为2,3-癸二吲哚的特定试剂，它们是这些转化的关键中间体。育亨宾-羟吲哚亚氨基醚类似地转化为育亨宾和假育亨宾。获得了许多副产物，并阐明了它们的结构。

  DOI：

  10.1016/0040-4020(73)80138-3
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  4,9-二氢-3H-吡啶并(3,4-B)吲哚 在 甲醇 、 高氯酸 、 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基吡啶 、 次氯酸叔丁酯 、 aluminium hydride 、 silver perchlorate 、 sodium cyanoborohydride 、 溶剂黄146 、 三乙胺 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 二氯甲烷 、 均三甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 120.58h， 生成 钩藤碱 C
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Unified strategy for synthesis of indole and 2-oxindole alkaloids

  摘要：

  A concise and general entry to representative indole alkaloids of the yohimboid, heteroyohimboid, corynantheoid, and 2-oxindole classes has been developed exploiting a strategy that features intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions for the facile construction of the D/E ring subunits of the target alkaloids. The efficacy of the approach is first illustrated by a two-step total synthesis of the yohimboid alkaloid oxogambirtannine (2) from 22. Thus, the Diels-Alder substrate 25, which was prepared by nucleophilic addition of vinyl ketene acetal 24 to the intermediate N-acyliminium salt formed in situ upon reaction of 22 with 23, was heated in the presence of benzoquinone to give a mixture of diastereoisomeric cycloadducts 26 and 27; these adducts underwent spontaneous oxidation to furnish 2. In another application of the strategy, the [4 + 2] heterocyclization of 34a, which was formed upon nucleophilic addition of 1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]butadiene to the N-acyliminium salt generated in situ upon treatment of 22 with crotonyl chloride, afforded a mixture (ca. 9:1) of cycloadducts 35a and 36a. The major adduct 35a was converted to 42a using a general procedure for effecting beta-carbomethoxylation of enol ethers to give vinylogous carbonates. Subsequent reduction of 42a to the heteroyohimboid alkaloids (+/-)-tetrahydroalstonine (3) and (+/-)-cathenamine (4) was achieved by selective delivery of 2 or 1 equiv of hydride, respectively. When 42a was treated with sodium amide, stereoselective beta-elimination ensued to give 49, which was converted by chemoselective hydride reduction into the corynantheoid alkaloid (+/-)-geissoschizine (5). Facile access to alkaloids of the 2-oxindole family was realized by using a new protocol for achieving stereoselective, oxidative rearrangements of beta-carboline N(b) lactams into 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles. Thus, exposure of 42a to tert-butyl hypochlorite followed by acid and silver ion induced rearrangement of the intermediate 3-chloroindolenine gave 50, with only traces of the C(7) epimer being detected. Hydride reduction of 50 gave (+/-)-isopteropodine (6), acid-catalyzed isomerization of which furnished an equilibrium mixture (1:3) of 6 and (+/-)-pteropodine (51). The stereochemical course of the intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of 34a to give 35a and 36a as the only isolable cycloadducts was examined by computational analysis. The geometry of the six-atom transition state was established by semiempirical methods by using the standard closed-shell, restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) version of the AM1 method. With use of this constrained geometry for the six-membered pericyclic array, the overall conformational energies for the four possible transition states 52-55 were minimized by MM2 calculations (MacroModel). The calculated relative energies of these transition states were in the order 52 < 53 < 54 < 55. Since the cyclization of 34a produced only 35a and 36a in an approximately 9:1 ratio via the respective transition states 52 and 53, these calculations correlated qualitatively with the experimental results.

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja00016a036

文献信息

• Transformation of indole alkaloids—I
  作者：N. Aimi、E. Yamanaka、J. Endo、S. Sakai、J. Haginiwa

  DOI：10.1016/0040-4020(73)80138-3

  日期：1973.1

  Chemical conversion of some natural oxindoles (pteropodine, isopteropodine and isorhynchophylline) into the corresponding indole alkaloids has been made by way of a sequence of reactions which include formation of iminoethers of the natural oxindoles with Meerwein's reagent, reduction of the iminoethers to 2,3-seco-indoles and cyclization of 2,3-seco-indoles to the desired natural indole alkaloids. Sodium

  已通过一系列反应将一些天然的羟吲哚（蝶呤，异氟哌啶和异羟胆碱）化学转化为相应的吲哚生物碱，这些反应包括用Meerwein's试剂形成天然羟吲哚的亚氨基醚，将亚氨基醚还原为2,3-氨基吲哚和2，3-二氨基吲哚环化成所需的天然吲哚生物碱。发现在乙酸中的硼氢化钠是用于将羟吲哚-亚氨基醚还原为2,3-癸二吲哚的特定试剂，它们是这些转化的关键中间体。育亨宾-羟吲哚亚氨基醚类似地转化为育亨宾和假育亨宾。获得了许多副产物，并阐明了它们的结构。
• Kinetics of acetonitrile-assisted oxidation of tertiary amines by hydrogen peroxide
  作者：Gerhard Laus

  DOI：10.1039/b102066h

  日期：——

  The rate of oxidation of tertiary amines by aqueous hydrogen peroxide is increased in the presence of acetonitrile due to the formation of a reactive intermediate. The active oxidant, presumably peroxyacetimidic acid, was quantified by a photometric method. Activation parameters of the acetonitrile-assisted and non-assisted oxidations are given in the temperature range 20 to 40 °C. The increased rate of the assisted oxidation is explained by the low enthalpy of activation although the entropy of activation is more negative due to a highly ordered transition state.

  过氧化氢水溶液氧化叔胺的速率在有乙腈存在的情况下会增加，这是由于形成了一种活性中间体。活性氧化剂（可能是过氧乙酰亚氨酸）用光度法进行了定量。给出了乙腈辅助氧化和非辅助氧化在 20 至 40 °C 温度范围内的活化参数。虽然由于过渡态高度有序，活化熵为负值，但活化焓较低，这解释了辅助氧化速率增加的原因。
• New methods for the synthesis of oxindole alkaloids. Total syntheses of isopteropodine and pteropodine.
  作者：Stephen F. Martin、Michael Mortimore

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97675-5

  日期：1990.1

  The 2-oxindole alkaloids isopteropodine (11) and pteropodine (12) were conveniently synthesised from the known pentacycle (9) via a new and general protocol for oxidation and rearrangement of carboline lactams into 3,3-disubstituted-2-oxindoles.

  通过已知的五环化合物（9）通过新的通用方案将羰基内酰胺氧化和重排为3,3-二取代-2-氧吲哚，可以方便地从已知的五环（9）合成2-oxindole生物碱异蝶足碱（11）和ptepopodine（12）。
• Montenegro de Matta; Delle Monache; Ferrari, Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 1976, vol. 31, # 7, p. 527 - 535
  作者：Montenegro de Matta、Delle Monache、Ferrari、MariniBettolo

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• MARTIN, STEPHEN E.;MORTIMORE, MICHAEL, TETRAHEDRON LETT., 31,(1990) N7, C. 4557-4560
  作者：MARTIN, STEPHEN E.、MORTIMORE, MICHAEL

  DOI：——

  日期：——