Specificity of a Prodrug-Activating Enzyme hVACVase: The Leaving Group Effect
摘要:
Human valacyclovirase (hVACVase) is a prodrug-activating enzyme for amino acid prodrugs including the antiviral drugs valacyclovir and valganciclovir. In hVACVase-catalyzed reactions, the leaving group of the substrate corresponds to the drug moiety of the prodrug, making the leaving group effect essential for the rational design of new prodrugs targeting hVACVase activation. In this study, a series of valine esters, phenylalanine esters, and a valine amide were characterized for the effect of the leaving group on the efficiency of hVACVase-mediated prodrug activation. Except for phenylalanine methyl and ethyl esters, all of the ester substrates exhibited a relatively high specificity constant (k(cat)/K-m), ranging from 850 to 9490 mM(-1).s(-1). The valine amide Val-3-APG exhibited significantly higher K-m and lower k(cat) values compared to the corresponding ester Val-3-HPG, indicating poor specificity for hVACVase. In conclusion, the substrate leaving group has been shown to affect both binding and specific activity of hVACVase-catalyzed activation. It is proposed that hVACVase is an ideal target for a-amino acid ester prodrugs with relatively labile leaving groups while it is relatively inactivate toward amide prodrugs.
Specificity of a Prodrug-Activating Enzyme hVACVase: The Leaving Group Effect
摘要:
Human valacyclovirase (hVACVase) is a prodrug-activating enzyme for amino acid prodrugs including the antiviral drugs valacyclovir and valganciclovir. In hVACVase-catalyzed reactions, the leaving group of the substrate corresponds to the drug moiety of the prodrug, making the leaving group effect essential for the rational design of new prodrugs targeting hVACVase activation. In this study, a series of valine esters, phenylalanine esters, and a valine amide were characterized for the effect of the leaving group on the efficiency of hVACVase-mediated prodrug activation. Except for phenylalanine methyl and ethyl esters, all of the ester substrates exhibited a relatively high specificity constant (k(cat)/K-m), ranging from 850 to 9490 mM(-1).s(-1). The valine amide Val-3-APG exhibited significantly higher K-m and lower k(cat) values compared to the corresponding ester Val-3-HPG, indicating poor specificity for hVACVase. In conclusion, the substrate leaving group has been shown to affect both binding and specific activity of hVACVase-catalyzed activation. It is proposed that hVACVase is an ideal target for a-amino acid ester prodrugs with relatively labile leaving groups while it is relatively inactivate toward amide prodrugs.
[EN] ISOQUINOLINONE DERIVATIVES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'ISOQUINOLINONE UTILES DANS LE TRAITEMENT DU CANCER
申请人:PF MEDICAMENT
公开号:WO2016034642A1
公开(公告)日:2016-03-10
The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof, notably for use as a drug, notably in the treatment of cancer, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such a compound and processes to prepare such a compound.
Discovery, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of 2-aminoquinazoline derivatives as a novel class of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 negative allosteric modulators
作者:Holger Kubas、Udo Meyer、Bjoern Krueger、Mirko Hechenberger、Maksims Vanejevs、Ronalds Zemribo、Valerjans Kauss、Raisa Ambartsumova、Ilya Pyatkin、Alexey I. Polosukhin、Ulrich Abel
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.049
日期:2013.8
A virtual screening approach using various in silico methodologies led to the discovery of 2-(m-tolylamino)-7,8-dihydroquinazolin-5(6H)-one (1) as a moderately active negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) showing high selectivity against the subtype mGluR1. Modifications of the parent compound by rational design yielded a series of highly potent derivatives which will serve as valuable starting points for further hit-to-lead optimization efforts toward a suitable drug candidate for the treatment of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISOQUINOLINONE DERIVATIVES USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER