decarboxylation, followed by intramolecular cycloaddtion of the resultant non-stabilised azomethine ylides. Evidence is produced for syn-anti dipole equilibration and it is found that intramolecularcycloadditions to a terminal alkyne involve only the anti-dipole and proceed via an exotransition state to give a single cycloadduct. In contrast, intramolecularcycloaddition to a terminal alkene involves
Tandem intramolecular Michael addition and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of oximes; versatile new carbon–carbon bond forming methodology
作者:Paul Armstrong、Ronald Grigg、Sivagnanasundram Surendrakumar、William J. Warnock
DOI:10.1039/c39870001327
日期:——
Oximes undergo intramolecular Michael addition to proximate electronegative alkenes, generating cyclic nitrones which can be trapped inter- and intra-molecularly in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditionreactions taking place either separately or in tandem.
Reductive Cyclization of Ketones Tethered to Activated Olefins Mediated by Magnesium in Methanol
作者:Ge Hyeong Lee、Eun Bok Choi、Eun Lee、Chwang Siek Pak
DOI:10.1021/jo00085a036
日期:1994.3
The reductive cyclizations of various ketones tethered to activated olefins such as alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, nitriles, sulfoxides, and sulfides were mediated by magnesium in dry methanol in the presence of mercuric chloride. When treated with magnesium in dry methanol at -23-degrees-C all of the ketones except nitrile 9 (42%) and 5-oxa-8-keto-2-enoate 5 (13%) gave excellent yields (79-98%) of mono- and bicyclic alcohol products resulting from carbon-carbon bond formation between the beta-carbon of the activated olefin and the carbonyl carbon. The reaction was accelerated by the catalytic amount of mercuric chloride, although the stereoselectivity was not affected by the catalyst. For all the substrates except 8-keto-2-enoate 3 and 5-aza-8-keto-2-enoate 6, the configuration of the major product was trans between the hydroxy and (methoxycarbonyl)methyl groups. The product isomer ratios were independent of the substrate geometry (E or Z). In contrast to the ketones, aldehydes tethered to alpha,beta-unsaturated esters gave products of simple reduction of the double bond and/or saturated alcohols instead of the cyclized products. When the reaction temperature was lowered, the yields of cyclized product were significantly affected by the production of appreciable amounts of saturated product, but the stereoselectivity was not improved. Under the same reaction conditions alpha,beta-unsaturated sulfoxide 16 gave deoxygenated sulfide 18 (85%) as the major product along with a small amount (9%) of cyclized product 19t. In contrast, sulfone 17 underwent desulfonylation instead of cyclization to give olefin 20 (54%). With excess magnesium (15 equiv), however, alpha,beta-unsaturated sulfoxide 16 gave cyclized sulfide 19t (95%) via deoxygenated sulfide 18. Both 16Z and 16E afforded product 19t as a single isomer. It is suggested that the reductive cyclization of the alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and nitriles proceed by means of nucleophilic attack of a beta-carbon radical anion, formed by initial electron transfer from magnesium metal to the activated olefin, on the carbonyl group. The cyclization of the alpha,beta-unsaturated sulfide proceeds by nucleophilic attack of the ketyl on the olefinic double bond.
X = Y - ZH systems as potential 1,3-dipoles part 35. Generation of nitrones from oximes. Class 3 processes. Tandem intramolecular michael addition (1,3-azaprotio cyclotransfer) - intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
作者:Ronald Grigg、Jasothara Markandu、Trevor Perrior、Sivagnanasundram Surendrakumar、William J. Warnock
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89883-5
日期:1992.1
Aldoximes and ketoximes possessing gamma- or delta-alkenyl substituents undergo thermal conversion to 5- and 6- membered cyclic nitrones via a 1,3-azaprotio cyclotransfer, a 2n + 2-sigma + 2-pi concerted process, rather than a Michael addition. The reactions can be performed as a tandem nitrone formation-cycloaddition sequence or, if required, the intermediate nitrones can be isolated. The cycloadditions usually proceed via an exo-transition state and show both regio- and diastereofacial-specificity. Preliminary attempts at chiral induction via a menthyl auxiliary are reported.
Electroreductive cyclization. Ketones and aldehydes tethered to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters (nitriles). Fundamental investigations
作者:R. Daniel Little、Dennis P. Fox、Luc Van Hijfte、Robert Dannecker、Gregory Sowell、Ronald L. Wolin、Luc Moens、Manuel M. Baizer