Stabilizing and Destabilizing Effects of Phenylalanine → F<sub>5</sub>-Phenylalanine Mutations on the Folding of a Small Protein
作者:Matthew G. Woll、Erik B. Hadley、Sandro Mecozzi、Samuel H. Gellman
DOI:10.1021/ja0634573
日期:2006.12.1
--> F5-Phe) mutants for the 35-residue chicken villin headpiece subdomain (c-VHP), the hydrophobic core of which features a cluster of three Phe side chains (residues 6, 10, and 17). Phe --> F5-Phe mutations are interesting because aryl-perfluoroaryl interactions of optimal geometry are intrinsically more favorable than aryl-aryl interactions and because perfluoroaryl units are more hydrophobic than are
Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Boronic Acid Proteasome Inhibitors for Use in Prodrugs and Pro-Soft Drugs Targeting Solid Tumors
作者:Lawrence J. Milo、Jack H. Lai、Wengen Wu、Yuxin Liu、Hlaing Maw、Youhua Li、Zhiping Jin、Ying Shu、Sarah E. Poplawski、Yong Wu、David G. Sanford、James L. Sudmeier、William W. Bachovchin
DOI:10.1021/jm200460q
日期:2011.7.14
Bortezomib, a dipeptidyl boronic acid and potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, is remarkably effective against multiple myeloma (MM) but not against solid tumors. Dose-limiting adverse effects from "on target" inhibition of the proteasome in normal cells and tissues appear to be a key obstacle. Achieving efficacy against solid tumors therefore is likely to require making the inhibitor more selective for tumor tissue over normal tissues. The simplest strategy that might provide such tissue specificity would be to employ a tumor specific protease to release an inhibitor from a larger, noninhibitory structure. However, such release would necessarily generate an inhibitor with a free N-terminal amino group, raising a key question: Can short peptide boronic acids with N-terminal amino groups have the requisite properties to serve as warheads in prodrugs? Here we show that dipeptides of boroLeu, the smallest plausible candidates for the task, can indeed be sufficiently potent, cell-penetrating, cytotoxic, and stable to degradation by cellular peptidases to serve in this capacity.
Synthesis of a Series of Stromelysin-Selective Thiadiazole Urea Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
作者:E. Jon Jacobsen、Mark A. Mitchell、Susan K. Hendges、Kenneth L. Belonga、Louis L. Skaletzky、Lindsay S. Stelzer、Thomas. J. Lindberg、Edward L. Fritzen、Heinrich J. Schostarez、Theresa J. O'Sullivan、Linda L. Maggiora、Christopher W. Stuchly、Alice L. Laborde、Marc F. Kubicek、Roger A. Poorman、Joan M. Beck、Henry R. Miller、Gary L. Petzold、Pam S. Scott、Scott E. Truesdell、Tanya L. Wallace、John W. Wilks、Christopher Fisher、Linda V. Goodman、Paul S. Kaytes、Stephen R. Ledbetter、Elaine A. Powers、Gabriel Vogeli、John E. Mott、Catherine M. Trepod、Douglas J. Staples、Eric T. Baldwin、Barry C. Finzel
DOI:10.1021/jm9803222
日期:1999.5.1
The synthesis and enzyme inhibition data for a series of thiadiazole urea matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors are described. A broad screening effort was utilized to identify several thiadiazoles which were weak inhibitors of stromelysin. Optimization of the thiadiazole leads to include an alpha-amino acid side chain with variable terminal amide substituents provided a series of ureas which were moderately effective stromelysin inhibitors, with K-i's between 0.3 and 1.0 mu M. The most effective analogues utilized an L-phenylalanine as the amino acid component. In particular, unsubstituted 46 had a K-i of 710 nM, while the p-fluoro analogue 52 displayed increased potency (100 nM). Stromelysin inhibition was further improved using a pentafluorophenylalanine substituent which resulted in 70, a 14 nM inhibitor. While gelatinase inhibition was generally poor, the use of 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine as the amide component usually provided for enhanced activity, with 71 inhibiting gelatinase with a K-i of 770 nM. The combination of this heterocycle with a p-fluorophenylalanine substituent provided the only analogue, 69, with collagenase activity (13 mu M). The SAR for analogues described within this series can be rationalized through consideration of the X-ray structure recently attained for 70 complexed to stromelysin. Uniquely, this structure showed the inhibitor to be completely orientated on the left side of the enzyme cleft. These results suggest that thiadiazole urea heterocycles which incorporate a substituted phenylalanine can provide selective inhibitors of stromelysin. Careful selection of the amide substituent can also provide for analogues with modest gelatinase inhibition.
Self-assembly of a tripeptide into a functional coating that resists fouling
A short peptide (tripeptide) self-assembles into a supramolecular functional coating with antifouling activity. This coating can be useful in applications where the adsorption of proteins, bacteria and other organisms should be avoided.