This invention relates to ionic liquid (ILs) solvents for chemical synthesis based on an alkyl-imidazolium cation core containing ionic liquids which have enhanced biodegradability and reduced toxicity relative to existing imidazolium bases ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmmim) salts. Many of the described ILs produce a score of over 60% biodegradability over 28 days in a biodegradability test such as the Sturm Test, the Closed Bottle Test (OECD 301D) or the CO
2
Headspace Test (ISO 14593). The ILs of the invention comprise an alkyl substituted imidazolium cationic core having a —C═OX— side chain in the 3-position of the imidazole ring, wherein X═O, NH, N or S and an associated counteranion characterized in that the —C═OX side chain comprises at least one ether linkage. The biodegradable and non-toxic IL may be used as green solvents for the chemical, pharmaceutical, biofuel and biomass industries. The ILs of the invention are particularly useful in hydrogenation, pericyclic and metathesis reactions.
本发明涉及
离子液体(ILs)溶剂用于基于含有增强
生物降解性和降低毒性的烷基
咪唑阳离子核心的
化学合成的
离子液体,相对于现有的
咪唑基ILs,如1-丁基-3-甲基
咪唑(bmmim)盐,许多所述的ILs在
生物降解性测试中产生超过60%的
生物降解性,如Sturm测试,闭瓶测试(O
ECD 301D)或
CO2头空间测试(ISO 14593)。本发明的ILs包括一个烷基取代的
咪唑阳离子核心,该核心在
咪唑环的3位上具有一个—C═OX—侧链,其中X═O,NH,N或S,并且与之相关联的反离子的特征在于—C═OX侧链至少包含一个醚键。这种
生物降解和无毒的IL可以用作
化学,制药,
生物燃料和
生物质工业的绿色溶剂。本发明的ILs在氢化,周环和交换反应中特别有用。