Lewis Acid Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Use of Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives and Perfluoroalkylbenzenes as Surfactant Molecules Which Enable Efficient Catalysis in ScCO2
摘要:
Lewis acid catalysis in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was investigated. While solubility of most organic materials is low in scCO(2), poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives or perfluoroalkylbenzenes were found to work as surfactants to dissolve organic materials in scCO(2). In the presence of these molecules, Lewis acid catalyzed organic reactions such as aldol-, Mannich-, and Friedel-Crafts-type reactions proceeded smoothly in scCO(2). Formation of emulsions was observed in these reactions, and the systems were studied in detail.
Lewis Base Activation of Lewis Acids. Addition of Silyl Ketene Acetals to Aldehydes
作者:Scott E. Denmark、Thomas Wynn、Gregory L. Beutner
DOI:10.1021/ja0282947
日期:2002.11.1
olefinic aldehydes as well as aliphatic aldehydes (albeit more slowly) with excellent enantioselectivity. The homologous tert-butyldimethylsilyl ketene acetal of tert-butyl propanoate adds with nearly exclusive anti diastereoselectivity to a similar range of aldehydes also with excellent enantioselectivity. The origin of the slower reaction rate with aliphatic aldehydes is revealed to be the formation of chlorosilyl