Chemical Insights in the Concept of Hybrid Drugs: The Antitumor Effect of Nitric Oxide-Donating Aspirin Involves A Quinone Methide but Not Nitric Oxide nor Aspirin
摘要:
Hybrid drug 1 (NO-ASA) continues to attract intense research from chemists and biologists alike. It consists of ASA and a -ONO2 group connected through a spacer and is in preclinical development as an antitumor drug. We report that, contrary to current beliefs, neither ASA nor NO contributes to this antitumor effect. Rather, an unsubstituted QM was identified as the sole cytotoxic agent. QM forms from 1 after carboxylic ester hydrolysis and, in accordance with the HSAB theory, selectively reacts with cellular GSH, which in turn triggers cell death. Remarkably, a derivative lacking ASA and the -ONO2 group is 10 times more effective than 1. Thus, our data provide a conclusive molecular mechanism for the antitumor activity of 1. Equally importantly, we show for the first time that a "presumed invisible" linker in a hybrid drug is not so invisible after all and is in fact solely responsible for the biological effect.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Allylic Alcohols via a Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Ring-Opening Reaction
作者:Weitao Hu、Zhiyang Lin、Chuan Wang
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02199
日期:2022.8.12
cross-electrophile ring-openingreaction of vinyl epoxides wherein aryl iodides, alkyl iodides, and benzyl chlorides can all serve as the electrophilic coupling partners, providing a new approach to preparing multisubstituted allylic alcohols. This new method features broad substrate scope (76 examples), good step-economy, and high L/B- and E/Z selectivity as well as mild reaction conditions.