Formic acid-induced π-cyclization of glycine cation equivalents to substituted pipecolic acid derivatives
                                
                                    
                                        作者:Peter M Esch、de Boer F Richard、Hiemstra Henk、Ilona M Boska、Speckamp W. Nico                                    
                                    
                                        DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86444-9
                                    
                                    
                                        日期:1991.1
                                    
                                    Formic acid-mediated cyclization reactions of N-(3-alkenyl)-N-(methoxycarbonyl)-acetoxyglycine esters are described.  The major reaction products are 4-formyloxypipecolic acid derivatives, formed with low stereoselectivity at C-4.  The several subtle features of the cyclization process are satisfactorily explained by a mechanism involving (1) a rapid cationic aza-Cope rearrangement of the incipient iminium ion and (2) participation of the ester moiety through formation of a relatively stable bicyclic dioxycarbenium cation as pivotal intermediate.