<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Difluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Salts, Highly Reactive and Easy-to-Handle Electrophilic Fluorinating Agents
作者:Teruo Umemoto、Masayuki Nagayoshi
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.69.2287
日期:1996.8
A series of N,N′-difluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane salts were synthesized in a pure form by the fluorination of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with F2 diluted with N2 in the presence of a Brønsted acid in fluoro alcohol or acetonitrile or by fluorination followed by a treatment with a different Brønsted or Lewis acid. Their complete structural assignment was made based on spectral and elemental analyses of the isolated crystals. A great through-bond interaction between the two N–F’s of the salt was observed on 19F NMR. An assessment was made of the usefulness of N,N′-difluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(triflate), bis(HSO4), bis(BF4), and bis(SbF6) salts for electrophilic fluorination; the bis(BF4) salt was demonstrated to be widely applicable as a highly reactive and easy-to-handle fluorinating agent. Thus, the bis(BF4) salt readily fluorinated activated aromatics, active methylene compounds or their salts, substituted styrenes, and vinyl acetates under mild conditions. It was shown that one N–F of the salt was effective for fluorination and that the other N–F played a role to activate fluorination through the bonds. Thus, the reaction mechanism was discussed, and fluorination followed by an immediate intramolecular one-electron transfer was suggested.
在氟化醇或乙腈中,在一种布氏酸的存在下,用用 N2 稀释的 F2 对 1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷进行氟化处理,或在氟化后再用不同的布氏酸或路易斯酸进行处理,从而合成了一系列 N,N′-二氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷纯盐。根据对分离晶体的光谱和元素分析,对它们进行了完整的结构鉴定。19F NMR 观察到盐的两个 N-F之间存在巨大的直通键相互作用。对 N,N′-二氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷双(三氯酸盐)、双(HSO4)、双(BF4)和双(SbF6)盐的亲电氟化作用进行了评估。因此,在温和的条件下,双(BF4)盐很容易氟化活化芳烃、活性亚甲基化合物或其盐、取代苯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯。研究表明,该盐中的一个 N-F 对氟化有效,而另一个 N-F 则通过键来激活氟化。因此,对反应机理进行了讨论,并提出了氟化之后立即发生分子内单电子转移的观点。