Evaluation of robenidine analog NCL195 as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agent
作者:Abiodun D. Ogunniyi、Manouchehr Khazandi、Andrew J. Stevens、Sarah K. Sims、Stephen W. Page、Sanjay Garg、Henrietta Venter、Andrew Powell、Karen White、Kiro R. Petrovski、Geraldine Laven-Law、Eliane G. Tótoli、Hérida R. Salgado、Hongfei Pi、Geoffrey W. Coombs、Dean L. Shinabarger、John D. Turnidge、James C. Paton、Adam McCluskey、Darren J. Trott
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0183457
日期:——
The spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Recent approaches towards combating antimicrobial resistance include repurposing old compounds with known safety and development pathways as new antibacterial classes with novel mechanisms of action. Here we show that an analog of the anticoccidial drug robenidine (4,6-bis(2-((E)-4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; NCL195) displays potent bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting the cell membrane potential. NCL195 was less cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines than the parent compound, showed low metabolic degradation rates by human and mouse liver microsomes, and exhibited high plasma concentration and low plasma clearance rates in mice. NCL195 was bactericidal against Acinetobacter spp and Neisseria meningitidis and also demonstrated potent activity against A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polymyxin B. These findings demonstrate that NCL195 represents a new chemical lead for further medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical development to enhance potency, solubility and selectivity against serious bacterial pathogens.
细菌病原体对多种药物的耐药性蔓延,对全球公共卫生构成严重威胁。近期抗击抗菌药耐药性的方法包括将具有已知安全性和开发途径的旧化合物重新用于具有新作用机制的新抗菌类别。在这里,我们展示了抗球菌药物罗贝尼定的类似物(4,6-双(2-((E)-4-甲基亚苄基)肼基)嘧啶-2-胺;NCL195)通过破坏细胞膜电位,对肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌显示出强大的杀菌活性。NCL195 对哺乳动物细胞系的细胞毒性低于母体化合物,在人和小鼠肝脏微粒体中的代谢降解率低,在小鼠体内的血浆浓度高,血浆清除率低。NCL195 对不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter spp)和脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)有杀菌作用,对鲍曼不动杆菌属(A. baumannii)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter spp)也有很强的活性。这些研究结果表明,NCL195 是一种新的化学先导物,可用于进一步的药物化学和制药开发,以提高对严重细菌病原体的效力、溶解性和选择性。